Drag reduction mechanism of a diving submersible with the double-row silk appendages based on continuous wavelet transform and dynamic modal decomposition
Journal article
Yan, F, Wang, S., Yang, Z., Rinoshika, A. and Zhang, J. 2025. Drag reduction mechanism of a diving submersible with the double-row silk appendages based on continuous wavelet transform and dynamic modal decomposition. Ocean Engineering. 342 (Part 1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122893
| Authors | Yan, F, Wang, S., Yang, Z., Rinoshika, A. and Zhang, J. |
|---|---|
| Abstract | This study presents a method to reduce drag and enhance the diving velocity of a submersible through the application of a double-row of silk appendages on its surface. Initially, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations reveal that boundary layer separation occurs in the midship of a conventional submersible, accompanied by significant vortex formation at the bow and stern. Thus, a double-row of silk appendages is applied to suppress boundary layer separation and modify the vortex structures in the wake. Torque sensors and particle image velocimetry (PIV) systems are employed to measure the drag force and wake flow field. The results show that the silk appendages effectively suppress adverse pressure gradient-induced boundary layer separation. Moreover, the wake structure is optimized, leading to a drag reduction of up to 6.67 %. To investigate the underlying mechanism, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) methods are applied. The analysis indicates that a double-row of silk appendages with appropriate length reduces low-frequency modal energy, suppresses flow separation and large-scale vortices, promotes small-scale vortex structures, and improves flow field stability. However, longer appendages may intensify local disturbances, resulting in decreased stability. |
| Keywords | Submersible; Silk appendage; Drag reduction; Particle image velocimetry; Dynamic mode decomposition; Continuous wavelet transform |
| Year | 2025 |
| Journal | Ocean Engineering |
| Journal citation | 342 (Part 1), pp. 1-16 |
| Publisher | Elseveir |
| ISSN | 0029-8018 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122893 |
| Web address (URL) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801825025764 |
| Accepted author manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
| Output status | Published |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 23 Sep 2025 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Accepted | 17 Sep 2025 |
| Deposited | 24 Sep 2025 |
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