Ontogeny of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera margaritifera (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae).

Journal article


Lavictoire, Louise, Ramsey, Andrew, Moorkens, Evelyn, Souch, Graham and Barnhart, M. Christopher 2018. Ontogeny of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels, Margaritifera margaritifera (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae). PLos ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193637
AuthorsLavictoire, Louise, Ramsey, Andrew, Moorkens, Evelyn, Souch, Graham and Barnhart, M. Christopher
Abstract

The gills of juvenile freshwater bivalves undergo a complex morphogenesis that may correlate with changes in feeding ecology, but ontogenic studies on juvenile mussels are rare. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure and ontogeny of 117 juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) ranging in age from 1–44 months and length from 0.49–8.90 mm. Three stages of gill development are described. In Stage 1 (5–9 inner demibranch filaments), only unreflected inner demibranch filaments were present. In Stage 2 (9–17 inner demibranch filaments), inner demibranch filaments began to reflect when shell length exceeded 1.13 mm, at 13–16 months old. Reflection began in medial filaments and then proceeded anterior and posterior. In Stage 3 (28–94 inner demibranch filaments), outer demibranch filaments began developing at shell length > 3.1 mm and about 34 months of age. The oral groove on the inner demibranch was first observed in 34 month old specimens > 2.66 mm but was never observed on the outer demibranch. Shell length (R2 = 0.99) was a better predictor of developmental stage compared to age (R2 = 0.84). The full suite of gill ciliation was present on filaments in all stages. Interfilamentary distance averaged 31.3 μm and did not change with age (4–44 months) or with size (0.75–8.9 mm). Distance between laterofrontal cirri couplets averaged 1.54 μm and did not change significantly with size or age. Labial palp primordia were present in even the youngest individuals but ciliature became more diverse in more developed individuals. Information presented here is valuable to captive rearing programmes as it provides insight in to when juveniles may be particularly vulnerable to stressors due to specific ontogenic changes. The data are compared with two other recent studies of Margaritifera development.

KeywordsFresh water; Mussels; Marine biology
Year2018
JournalPLos ONE
PublisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)
ISSN19326203
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193637
Web address (URL)http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622480
hdl:10545/622480
Publication dates28 Mar 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited29 Mar 2018, 14:03
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ContributorsUniversity of Cumbria, University of Derby, Trinity College Dublin and Missouri State University
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