A Hierarchical Geographically Based Routing Model for Improved Localised Routing

In this work we look at the structure and implementation of a hierarchical tree based routing topology based on the physical network topology. The work focuses on providing a single unified layer 3 routing protocol which allows efficient and direct node-to-node routing while reducing the size of routing tables required. We characterise the internet as a three layer structure consisting of: a central core of high connectivity nodes with international connectivity, a shell of nodes with high connectivity within a geographically bounded area, and a final shell of nodes with connectivity to the other two shells but with a largely hierarchical structure. This characterisation allows us to create a routing protocol which allows for the mesh like structure of the core and first shell as well as the more hierarchical nature of the outer shell. By subdividing the network we create localised routing tables with flow like routing behaviour through the use of binary exclusive- or addressing scheme. This hierarchical network topographical routing scheme allows for the simplification of inter-node routing, node mobility, localised multicast group creation, and the creation of localised services through implicit meta data within the routing address.