Stretch imposed on active muscle elicits positive adaptations in strain risk factors and exercise-induced muscle damage

Journal article


Kay, A. D., Rubley, B., Talbot, C., Mina, M., Barross, A. W. and Blazevich, A. J. 2018. Stretch imposed on active muscle elicits positive adaptations in strain risk factors and exercise-induced muscle damage. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 28 (11), pp. 2299-2309. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13251
AuthorsKay, A. D., Rubley, B., Talbot, C., Mina, M., Barross, A. W. and Blazevich, A. J.
Abstract

Introduction
Stretching highly-contracted plantar flexor muscles (isokinetic eccentric contractions) results in beneficial adaptations in muscle strain risk factors; however its effects in other muscle groups, and on architectural characteristics and exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), are unknown.

Methods
The influence of a 6-week knee extensor training program was studied in 26 volunteers (13 control; 13 experimental). Before and after the training program, passive and maximal isometric and eccentric knee extensor moments and range of motion (ROM) were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer with simultaneous ultrasound imaging of vastus lateralis (VL). On a separate day, EIMD markers (creatine kinase [CK], delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS]) were measured before and 24 hours after a 20-minute downhill run. The 6-week training program was performed twice-weekly where five sets of 12 stretches (3 seconds per stretch) were imposed on maximally contracted knee extensor muscles.

Results
Significant (P < 0.05) increases in eccentric (29.5%) and isometric (17.4%) moments, ROM (5.2°), stretch tolerance (55.4%), elastic energy storage (73.0%), VL thickness (7.8%), pennation angle (9.0%), and tendon stiffness (8.7%) occurred. No change (P > 0.05) in passive muscle-tendon stiffness (−9.4%) or resting fascicle length (−0.7%) occurred. The downhill run resulted in substantial DOMS and significant increase in CK concentration before the training program (107.6%); however, DOMS was eliminated from the knee extensors and a significantly smaller increase in CK (−70.0%) occurred post-training.

Conclusion
Positive adaptations in functional and physiological variables confirm that imposing stretch on maximally contracted muscle provides beneficial adaptations likely to mitigate EIMD and injury risk and enhance functional performance.

KeywordsEIMD; active stretching; isokinetic eccentric training; range of motion; tissue stiffness
Year2018
JournalScandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports
Journal citation28 (11), pp. 2299-2309
PublisherWiley
ISSN0905-7188
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13251
Web address (URL)https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/en/publications/stretch-imposed-on-active-muscle-elicits-positive-adaptations-in-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13251
Output statusPublished
Publication dates26 Jun 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited19 Sep 2024
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