Stretching of active muscle elicits chronic changes in multiple strain risk factors.

Journal article


Kay, Anthony D., Richmond, Dominic, Talbot, Chris, Mina, M., Baross, Anthony W. and Blazevich, Anthony J. 2016. Stretching of active muscle elicits chronic changes in multiple strain risk factors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 48 (7), pp. 1388-1396. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000887
AuthorsKay, Anthony D., Richmond, Dominic, Talbot, Chris, Mina, M., Baross, Anthony W. and Blazevich, Anthony J.
Abstract

The muscle stretch intensity imposed during "flexibility" training influences the magnitude of joint range of motion (ROM) adaptation. Thus, stretching while the muscle is voluntarily activated was hypothesized to provide a greater stimulus than passive stretching. The effect of a 6-wk program of stretch imposed on an isometrically contracting muscle (i.e., qualitatively similar to isokinetic eccentric training) on muscle-tendon mechanics was therefore studied in 13 healthy human volunteers.

METHODS: Before and after the training program, dorsiflexion ROM, passive joint moment, and maximal isometric plantarflexor moment were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer. Simultaneous real-time motion analysis and ultrasound imaging recorded gastrocnemius medialis muscle and Achilles tendon elongation. Training was performed twice weekly and consisted of five sets of 12 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions at 10°·s.

RESULTS: Significant increases (P < 0.01) in ROM (92.7% [14.7°]), peak passive moment (i.e., stretch tolerance; 136.2%), area under the passive moment curve (i.e., energy storage; 302.6%), and maximal isometric plantarflexor moment (51.3%) were observed after training. Although no change in the slope of the passive moment curve (muscle-tendon stiffness) was detected (-1.5%, P > 0.05), a significant increase in tendon stiffness (31.2%, P < 0.01) and a decrease in passive muscle stiffness (-14.6%, P < 0.05) were observed.

CONCLUSION: The substantial positive adaptation in multiple functional and physiological variables that are cited within the primary etiology of muscle strain injury, including strength, ROM, muscle stiffness, and maximal energy storage, indicate that the stretching of active muscle might influence injury risk in addition to muscle function. The lack of change in muscle-tendon stiffness simultaneous with significant increases in tendon stiffness and decreases in passive muscle stiffness indicates that tissue-specific effects were elicited.

KeywordsIsokinetic; Eccentric training; Range of motion (ROM); Muscle stiffness; Injury; Ultrasound; Sport science
Year2016
JournalMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Journal citation48 (7), pp. 1388-1396
PublisherAmerican College of Sports Medicine
ISSN0195-9131
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000887
Web address (URL)https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2016/07000/stretching_of_active_muscle_elicits_chronic.21.aspx
hdl:10545/621967
Output statusPublished
Publication datesJul 2016
Publication process dates
Deposited24 Nov 2017, 14:17
AcceptedJan 2016
Rights

Archived with thanks to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

ContributorsUniversity of Northampton, University of Derby and Edith Cowan University
File
File Access Level
Restricted
File
License
File Access Level
Open
Permalink -

https://repository.derby.ac.uk/item/93qzz/stretching-of-active-muscle-elicits-chronic-changes-in-multiple-strain-risk-factors

Download files

  • 21
    total views
  • 11
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Plakias, S., Tsatalas, T., Mina, M., Kokkotis, C., Flouris, A. D. and Giakas, G. 2024. The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sports. 12 (9), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12090249
A Bibliometric Analysis of Soccer Biomechanics
Spyridon Plakias, Themistoklis Tsatalas, Minas A. Mina, Christos Kokkotis, Eleftherios Kellis, Giannis Giakas and Mina, M. 2024. A Bibliometric Analysis of Soccer Biomechanics. Applied Sciences. 14 (15), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156430
The Influence of Unstable Load and Traditional Free-Weight Back Squat Exercise on Subsequent Countermovement Jump Performance
Renata Jirovska, Anthony D. Kay, Themistoklis Tsatalas, Alex J. Van Enis, Christos Kokkotis, Giannis Giakas, Minas A. Mina and Mina, M. 2023. The Influence of Unstable Load and Traditional Free-Weight Back Squat Exercise on Subsequent Countermovement Jump Performance. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 8 (4), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040167
Feasibility, Psychosocial Effects, Influence, and Perception of Elastic Band Resistance Balance Training in Older Adults
Davis, N., Pringle, A., Kay, A., Blazevich, A., Teskey, D., Faghy, M. and Mina, M. 2022. Feasibility, Psychosocial Effects, Influence, and Perception of Elastic Band Resistance Balance Training in Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19 (17), p. 10907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710907
Altered Drop Jump Landing Biomechanics Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Tsatalas, T., Karampina, E., Mina, M., Patikas, D. A., Laschou, V. C., Pappas, A., Jamurtas, A. Z., Koutedakis, Y. and Giakas, G. 2021. Altered Drop Jump Landing Biomechanics Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Sports. 9 (2), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9020024
The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on landing biomechanics vary depending on the type of landing
Tsatalas, T., Karampina E., Kalotyhos, S., Dolapsaki, E., Syrou, N., Mina, M., Jamurtas, A. Z., Koutedakis, Y. and Giakas, G. 2020. The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on landing biomechanics vary depending on the type of landing. Inquiries in Sport & Physical Education. 18 (3), pp. 157-166. https://doi.org/10.5555/20219823550
Stretch imposed on active muscle elicits positive adaptations in strain risk factors and exercise-induced muscle damage
Kay, A. D., Rubley, B., Talbot, C., Mina, M., Barross, A. W. and Blazevich, A. J. 2018. Stretch imposed on active muscle elicits positive adaptations in strain risk factors and exercise-induced muscle damage. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports. 28 (11), pp. 2299-2309. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13251
Variable, but not free‐weight, resistance back squat exercise potentiates jump performance following a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up
Mina, M., Blazevich, A. J., Tsatalas, T., Giakas, G., Seitz, L. B. and Kay, A. D. 2018. Variable, but not free‐weight, resistance back squat exercise potentiates jump performance following a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 29 (3), pp. 380-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13341
A sled push stimulus potentiates subsequent 20-m sprint performance
Seitz, Laurent B., Mina, M. and Haff, Guy Gregory 2017. A sled push stimulus potentiates subsequent 20-m sprint performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20 (8), pp. 781-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.074
Chain-loaded variable resistance warm-up improves free-weight maximal back squat performance.
Mina, M., Blazevich, Anthony J., Giakas, Giannis, Seitz, Laurent B. and Kay, Anthony D. 2016. Chain-loaded variable resistance warm-up improves free-weight maximal back squat performance. European Journal of Sport Science. 16 (8), pp. 932-939. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2016.1199740
Postactivation potentiation of horizontal jump performance across multiple sets of a contrast protocol.
Seitz, Laurent B., Mina, M. and Haff, Guy Gregory 2016. Postactivation potentiation of horizontal jump performance across multiple sets of a contrast protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001383
Influence of variable resistance loading on subsequent free weight maximal back squat performance.
Mina, M., Blazevich, Anthony J., Giakas, Giannis and Kay, Anthony D. 2014. Influence of variable resistance loading on subsequent free weight maximal back squat performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000471