Guiding Actions and Expressing Needs: On the Psychological Functions of Values

Journal article


Gouveia, Valdiney V., Milfont, Taciano L., Correa Vione, K. and Santos, Walberto S. Guiding Actions and Expressing Needs: On the Psychological Functions of Values. Psykhe (Santiago). 24 (2), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.24.2.884
AuthorsGouveia, Valdiney V., Milfont, Taciano L., Correa Vione, K. and Santos, Walberto S.
Abstract

Values are often used to examine cultural variability. Yet, little research has focused on the functions that values fulfill and the implications of these functions for understanding cultural variability. This paper describes a theoretical analysis of the functions of values based on 2 widely accepted pan-cultural functions: values guide actions and express needs. The theoretical model proposes that the first function differentiates values according to the goals pursued (personal, central, or social goals), whereas the second function differentiates values according to the needs expressed (survival or thriving needs). A combination of these 2 functions yields 6 basic values (structural hypothesis) with specific marker values (content hypothesis). Support for the hypotheses was obtained in a large convenience national sample (N = 5,176) of Brazilian university students with confirmatory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. Central values were located between personal and social values, and survival and thriving values separated into 2 regions. Theoretical and cross-cultural implications of the findings, especially the universality of the general structure of motivational aims, are discussed, along with interpretations of existing value scales from a functional perspective

Los valores se emplean para examinar la variabilidad cultural, pero ha sido escasa la investigación centrada en las funciones de los valores y sus implicaciones para comprender la variabilidad cultural. El artículo analiza teóricamente las funciones de los valores basado en 2 funciones panculturales ampliamente aceptadas: los valores guían acciones y expresan necesidades. El modelo teórico propone que la primera función distingue a los valores según las metas perseguidas (personales, centrales o sociales); la segunda función los diferencia según las necesidades (de supervivencia o crecimiento). La combinación de estas funciones arroja 6 valores básicos (hipótesis estructural) con valores marcadores específicos (hipótesis de contenido). Estas hipótesis fueron apoyadas en una muestra intencionada nacional amplia (N = 5.176) de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, por medio de análisis factorial confirmatorio y escalamiento multidimensional. Los valores centrales se situaron entre los valores personales y sociales y los de supervivencia y de crecimiento se separaron en 2 áreas. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y transculturales de los resultados, especialmente la universalidad de la estructura general de metas motivacionales, junto con interpretaciones de escalas de valores existentes.

Keywordshuman values; functions; structure; content; Brazil
JournalPsykhe (Santiago)
Journal citation24 (2), pp. 1-14
PublisherEscuela de Psicología de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
ISSN0717-0297
0718-2228
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.24.2.884
Web address (URL)http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.24.2.884
Output statusPublished
Publication dates05 Nov 2015
Publication process dates
Deposited11 Jul 2022
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