Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts

Journal article


Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Kulik, L., Samedi Mucyo, J. P., van der Hoek, Y. and Heinicke, S. 2024. Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate. 3 (2), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
AuthorsKiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., Sop, T., Carvalho, J., Mengel, M., Kulik, L., Samedi Mucyo, J. P., van der Hoek, Y. and Heinicke, S.
Abstract

Large gaps remain in our understanding of the vulnerability of specific animal taxa and regions to climate change, especially regarding extreme climate impact events. Here, we assess African apes, flagship and highly important umbrella species for sympatric biodiversity. We estimated past (1981–2010) and future exposure to climate change impacts across 363 sites in Africa for RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 for near term (2021–2050) and long term (2071–2099). We used fully harmonized climate data and data on extreme climate impact events from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). Historic data show that 171 sites had positive temperature anomalies for at least nine of the past ten years with the strongest anomalies (up to 0.56°C) estimated for eastern chimpanzees. Climate projections suggest that temperatures will increase across all sites, while precipitation changes are more heterogeneous. We estimated a future increase in heavy precipitation events for 288 sites, and an increase in the number of consecutive dry days by up to 20 days per year (maximum increase estimated for eastern gorillas). All sites will be frequently exposed to wildfires and crop failures in the future, and the latter could impact apes indirectly through increased deforestation. 84% of sites are projected to be exposed to heatwaves and 78% of sites to river floods. Tropical cyclones and droughts were only projected for individual sites in western and central Africa. We further compiled available evidence on how climate change impacts could affect apes, for example, through heat stress and dehydration, a reduction in water sources and fruit trees, and reduced physiological performance, body condition, fertility, and survival. To support necessary research on the sensitivity and adaptability of African apes to climate change impacts, and the planning and implementation of conservation measures, we provide detailed results for each ape site on the open-access platform A.P.E.S. Wiki.

KeywordsAfrican ape; climate chane; vulnerability
Year2024
JournalPLOS Climate
Journal citation3 (2), pp. 1-19
PublisherPLOS
ISSN2767-3200
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
Web address (URL)https://journals.plos.org/climate/article?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
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Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online28 Feb 2024
Publication process dates
Deposited06 Mar 2024
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