A qualitative study of Japanese medical students’ perspectives on clinical practicum during coronavirus disease 2019

Introduction: Medical students are expected to contribute to society by applying their clinical knowledge and skills, particularly during times of crisis such as a pandemic. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Japanese medical students faced strict restrictions on clinical involvement, which limited both educational opportunities and their ability to contribute. This study aimed to explore Japanese medical students’ experiences of clinical training under these conditions and to investigate their awareness of social contribution.

Methods: This qualitative study involved semi-structured, peer-to-peer online interviews with 21 medical students from 19 universities across Japan. All participants had commenced hospital-based clinical training by September 1, 2022. Interviews were conducted between August and September 2022. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: Three main themes were developed: (1) Commitment to supporting patients and healthcare teams; (2) Decline in direct clinical learning opportunities; and (3) Online practicum: balancing benefits and drawbacks. While many students were eager to contribute, legal uncertainty, lack of practical training, and concerns about how patients perceived them acted as psychological and institutional barriers. At the same time, students emphasized the value of in-person clinical experience and demonstrated a growing awareness of professional identity.

Conclusions: Despite limited clinical opportunities, Japanese medical students deepened their sense of professional responsibility and desire for social contribution during the pandemic. Medical education should provide clearer role definitions, institutional support, and hybrid models incorporating hands-on training to prepare students for future healthcare emergencies.