Partial mitigation of oxidized phospholipid-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells by oxocarotenoids

Journal article


Ademowo, Opeyemi S., Dias, Irundika H.K., Diaz-Sanchez, Lorena, Sanchez-Aranguren, Lissette, Stahl, Wilhelm and Griffiths, Helen R. 2020. Partial mitigation of oxidized phospholipid-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells by oxocarotenoids. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-190923
AuthorsAdemowo, Opeyemi S., Dias, Irundika H.K., Diaz-Sanchez, Lorena, Sanchez-Aranguren, Lissette, Stahl, Wilhelm and Griffiths, Helen R.
Abstract

Mitochondria are important (patho)physiological sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and phospholipid oxidation; an increase in mitochondrial content of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) associates with cell death. Previously we showed that the circulating OxPL 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) increases in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and associates with lower plasma antioxidant oxocarotenoids, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Since oxocarotenoids are metabolized in mitochondria, we propose that during AD, lower concentrations of mitochondrial zeaxanthin and lutein may result in greater phospholipid oxidation and predispose to neurodegeneration. Here, we have investigated whether non-toxic POVPC concentrations impair mitochondrial metabolism in differentiated (d)SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and whether there is any protective role for oxocarotenoids against mitochondrial dysfunction. After 24 hours, glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in neuronal cells exposed to POVPC (1-20μM) compared with vehicle control without loss of viability compared to control. However, mitochondrial ROS production (determined by MitoSOX oxidation) was increased by 50% only after 20μM POVPC. Following delivery of lutein (0.1-1μM) and zeaxanthin (0.5-5μM) over 24 hours in vitro, oxocarotenoid recovery from dSH-SY5Y cells was > 50%. Co-incubation with oxocarotenoids prevented loss of GSH after 1μM but not 20μM POVPC, whereas the increase in ROS production induced by 20μM POVPC was prevented by lutein and zeaxanthin. Mitochondrial uncoupling increases and ATP production is inhibited by 20μM but not 1μM POVPC; carotenoids protected against uncoupling although did not restore ATP production. In summary, 20μM POVPC induced loss of GSH and a mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit in neuronal cells that was not mitigated by oxocarotenoids.

KeywordsBioenergetics; POVPC; Carotenoids; Lutein; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; Oxidized phospholipids; Viability; Zeaxanthin.
Year2020
JournalJournal of Alzheimer's Disease
PublisherIOS Press
ISSN1387-2877
1875-8908
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-190923
Web address (URL)http://hdl.handle.net/10545/624543
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
hdl:10545/624543
Publication dates20 Jan 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited05 Mar 2020, 09:40
Accepted20 Dec 2019
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

ContributorsAston University, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Germany and University of Surrey
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