Combining ancient and modern: The power of Intention in increasing engagement in Pranayama practice

Journal article

Peerbhoy, D. and David Sheffield 2024. Combining ancient and modern: The power of Intention in increasing engagement in Pranayama practice. Advances in Integrative Medicine. 11 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2024.05.001
AuthorsPeerbhoy, D. and David Sheffield
Abstract

Background
A feasibility study using trial methodology comparing the impact of two behavioural motivational interventions on intention to practice and engagement with pranayama and perceived wellbeing a week after the intervention.

Materials and methods
Healthcare professionals, from mainstream and complementary disciplines were randomised into one of two motivational conditions, Pranayama with an Implementation Intention statement and Pranayama with a Benefits Analysis statement. Interventions were delivered via Qualtrics which embedded an unlisted YouTube demonstration for different conditions. A qualitative analysis of the self-generated statements was conducted alongside a quantitative analysis for general wellbeing based on outcome from the WHO-5, and measures of affect, motivation, capability, and opportunity.

Results
155 participants showed an interest in the study, with an intention to treat (n=84) analysis performed. Both motivational messages were associated with increased practice and intention to practice pranayama over time, an increased sense of capability and opportunity for practise, limited impact on emotional regulation and no change in general wellbeing. Qualitative findings showed implementation intention effectiveness is not necessarily based on verbatim remembering, subjective benefits experienced were mainly emotional, or a combination of somatic and emotional; that challenges of working in healthcare environments possibly block implementation intentions from being used effectively.

Conclusion
This one-week intervention was adequate to increase practise and intention to practise pranayama. An adequate number of people participated in this study; study retention was high. Participants were highly motivated and the main barriers to engagement linked to capability and opportunity. Further exploration about the mechanism that encourages people to practise pranayama in different settings is required.

KeywordsPranayama; Implementation intentions; Feasibility; Barriers
Year2024
JournalAdvances in Integrative Medicine
Journal citation11 (2), pp. 1-9
PublisherElsevier
ISSN2212-9596
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2024.05.001
Web address (URL)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2024.05.001
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Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates01 Jul 2024
Publication process dates
Deposited07 Aug 2024
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Meditation-induced near-death dxperiences: a 3-year longitudinal study.
Van Gordon, William, Shonin, Edo, Dunn, Thomas J., Sheffield, David, Garcia-Campayo, Javier and Griffiths, Mark D. 2018. Meditation-induced near-death dxperiences: a 3-year longitudinal study. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0922-3
A pilot study mapping citizens' interaction with urban nature
Ferrara, E., Liotta, A., Erhan, L., Ndubuaku, M., Giusto, D., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D. and McEwan, K. 2018. A pilot study mapping citizens' interaction with urban nature. IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing. Athens, Greece 12 - 15 Aug 2018 IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/datacom/cyberscitec.2018.00-21
A Demographic Analysis of Urban Nature Utilization
Ferrara, E., Liotta, A., Ndubuaku, M., Erhan, L., Giusto, D., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D. and McEwan, K. 2018. A Demographic Analysis of Urban Nature Utilization. 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference. 19 - 21 Sep 2018 IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674206
Creation and validation of the belief in the supernatural scale
Schofield, M.B., Baker, I.S., Staples, P. and Sheffield, D. 2018. Creation and validation of the belief in the supernatural scale. Journal of Parapsychology. 82 (1), pp. 41-84. https://doi.org/10.3089l/jopar.2018.01.04
Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
Boban Simonovic, Edward J. N. Stupple, Maggie Gale, David Sheffield and Stupple, E. 2018. Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00217
Mental health attitudes, self-criticism, compassion and role identity among UK social work students.
Kotera, Y., Green, Pauline Catherine and Sheffield, David 2018. Mental health attitudes, self-criticism, compassion and role identity among UK social work students. The British Journal Of Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy072
Numeracy apprehension in young children: Insights from children aged 4-7 years and primary care providers
Petronzi, D., Staples, Paul, Sheffield, David and Fitton-Wilde, Sandra 2018. Numeracy apprehension in young children: Insights from children aged 4-7 years and primary care providers. Psychology and Education.
Further development of the Children’s Mathematics Anxiety Scale UK (CMAS-UK) for ages 4–7 years
Petronzi, D., Staples, Paul, Sheffield, David, Hunt, Thomas E. and Fitton-Wilde, Sandra 2018. Further development of the Children’s Mathematics Anxiety Scale UK (CMAS-UK) for ages 4–7 years. Educational Studies in Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9860-1
The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes.
Kotera, Y., Sheffield, David and Van Gordon, William 2018. The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21334
Self-criticism and self-reassurance as mediators between mental health attitudes and symptoms: Attitudes towards mental health problems in Japanese workers.
Kotera, Y., Gilbert, Paul, Asano, Kenichi, Ishimura, Ikuo and Sheffield, David 2018. Self-criticism and self-reassurance as mediators between mental health attitudes and symptoms: Attitudes towards mental health problems in Japanese workers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12355
Exploring emptiness and its effects on non-attachment, mystical experiences, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing: a quantitative and qualitative study of advanced meditators.
Van Gordon, William, Shonin, Edo, Dunn, Thomas J., Sapthiang, Supakyada, Kotera, Y., Garcia-Campayo, Javier and Sheffield, David 2018. Exploring emptiness and its effects on non-attachment, mystical experiences, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing: a quantitative and qualitative study of advanced meditators. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2018.12.003
The integration of the workable range model into a mindfulness-based stress reduction course: a practice-based case study
Rose, Sally A., Sheffield, David and Harling, Martyn 2017. The integration of the workable range model into a mindfulness-based stress reduction course: a practice-based case study. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0787-x
Forget cancer, let's MOVE: a behaviour change support model for physical activity for young people during and after cancer
Cross, Ainslea, Sheffield, David and Elander, James 2017. Forget cancer, let's MOVE: a behaviour change support model for physical activity for young people during and after cancer. Health Psychology Update.
An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors
Hussain, Zaheer, Griffiths, Mark D. and Sheffield, David 2017. An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.052
Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes
Wood, Andrew G., Barker, Jamie B., Turner, Martin J. and Sheffield, David 2017. Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12926
Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection
Ryan Lumber, Miles Richardson and David Sheffield 2017. Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection. PLos ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177186
Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong and Sheffield, David 2017. Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12091
A longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports
Thornton, Claire, Sheffield, David and Baird, Andrew 2017. A longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.02.007
Mental arithmetic performance, physiological reactivity and mathematics anxiety amongst U.K. primary school children
Hunt, Thomas E., Bhardwa, Janki and Sheffield, David 2017. Mental arithmetic performance, physiological reactivity and mathematics anxiety amongst U.K. primary school children. Learning and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.016
The value of art therapy in antenatal and postnatal care: A brief literature review with recommendations for future research
Hogan, S., Sheffield, D. and Woodward, A. 2017. The value of art therapy in antenatal and postnatal care: A brief literature review with recommendations for future research. International Journal of Art Therapy: Inscape. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2017.1299774
Mental contrasting as a behaviour change technique: a systematic review protocol paper of effects, mediators and moderators on health
Cross, Ainslea and Sheffield, David 2016. Mental contrasting as a behaviour change technique: a systematic review protocol paper of effects, mediators and moderators on health. Biomed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0382-6
Disney strategy for Japanese university students' career guidance: a mixed methods pilot study
Kotera, Y. and Sheffield, David 2017. Disney strategy for Japanese university students' career guidance: a mixed methods pilot study. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling. https://doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.3808
The physiological and emotional effects of touch: Assessing a hand-massage intervention with high self-critics
Maratos, Frances A., Duarte, Joana, Barnes, Christopher, McEwan, Kirsten, Sheffield, David and Gilbert, Paul 2017. The physiological and emotional effects of touch: Assessing a hand-massage intervention with high self-critics. Psychiatry Research. 250, pp. 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.066
Pupil Dilation and Cognitive Reflection as Predictors of Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task
Simonovic, B., Stupple, E.J.N., Gale, M. and Sheffield, D. 2017. Pupil Dilation and Cognitive Reflection as Predictors of Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Cognitive Science Society.
Children’s well-being and nature connectedness: Exploring the impact of a ‘3-good-things’ writing task on nature connectedness and well-being.
Harvey, Caroline, Sheffield, David and Richardson, Miles 2016. Children’s well-being and nature connectedness: Exploring the impact of a ‘3-good-things’ writing task on nature connectedness and well-being.
The impact of a school-based gardening intervention on intentions and behaviour related to fruit and vegetable consumption in children
Duncan, Michael J., Eyre, Emma, Bryant, Elizabeth, Clarke, Neil, Birch, Samantha, Staples, Vicki and Sheffield, David 2015. The impact of a school-based gardening intervention on intentions and behaviour related to fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573445
The effect of creative psychological interventions on psychological outcomes for adult cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Archer, Stephanie, Buxton, Sarah and Sheffield, David 2014. The effect of creative psychological interventions on psychological outcomes for adult cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Psycho-Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3607
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong, Baker, Ian S. and Sheffield, David 2016. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1935
The yips in sport: A systematic review
Philip Clarke, David Sheffield and Sally Akehurst 2015. The yips in sport: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2015.1052088
The relationship between pain beliefs and physical and mental health outcome measures in chronic low back pain: direct and indirect effects
Baird, Andrew and Sheffield, David 2016. The relationship between pain beliefs and physical and mental health outcome measures in chronic low back pain: direct and indirect effects. Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare4030058
Three good things in nature: Noticing nearby nature brings sustained increases in connection with nature.
Richardson, Miles and Sheffield, David 2017. Three good things in nature: Noticing nearby nature brings sustained increases in connection with nature. PsyEcology. https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2016.1267136
Joy and calm: how an evolutionary functional model of affect regulation informs positive emotions in nature
Richardson, Miles, McEwan, Kirsten, Maratos, Frances A. and Sheffield, David 2016. Joy and calm: how an evolutionary functional model of affect regulation informs positive emotions in nature. Evolutionary Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-016-0065-5
Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Performance: An Eye-Tracking Approach
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2014. Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Performance: An Eye-Tracking Approach. Applied Cognitive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3099
Math anxiety, intrusive thoughts and performance: Exploring the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance: The role of intrusive thoughts
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2014. Math anxiety, intrusive thoughts and performance: Exploring the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance: The role of intrusive thoughts. Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Sciences.
Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours.
Dunne S, Sheffield D and Chilcot J 2016. Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643377
Nature: A New Paradigm for Well-being and Ergonomics.
Richardson M, Maspero M, Golightly D, Sheffield D, Staples V and Lumber R 2016. Nature: A New Paradigm for Well-being and Ergonomics. Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1157213
Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals.
Turner, Martin J., Jones, Marc V., Sheffield, David, Barker, Jamie B. and Coffee, Peter 2014. Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals. International Journal of Psychophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.004
The Impact of Children’s Connection to Nature. A Report for the Royal Society of the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., Harvey, C. and Petronzi, D. 2016. The Impact of Children’s Connection to Nature. A Report for the Royal Society of the Protection of Birds (RSPB). Derby RSPB.
Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both.
Simonovic, B., Stupple, Edward J. N., Gale, Maggie and Sheffield, David 2016. Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1980
Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief
Schofield, M., Baker, Ian S., Staples, Paul and Sheffield, David 2016. Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.020
Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later?
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong, Baker, Ian S., Maratos, Frances A. and Sheffield, David 2016. Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later? The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 19. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.5
'Everything's from the inside out with PCOS': Exploring women's experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype interviews
Williams, Sophie, Sheffield, David and Knibb, Rebecca C. 2015. 'Everything's from the inside out with PCOS': Exploring women's experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype interviews. Health Psychology Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915603051
A snapshot of the lives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A photovoice investigation.
Williams, Sophie, Sheffield, David and Knibb, Rebecca C. 2014. A snapshot of the lives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A photovoice investigation. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314547941
The development and part validation of a U.K. scale for mathematics anxiety
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2011. The development and part validation of a U.K. scale for mathematics anxiety. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282910392892
Reflective self-attention: A more stable predictor of connection to nature than mindful attention.
Richardson, Miles and Sheffield, David 2015. Reflective self-attention: A more stable predictor of connection to nature than mindful attention. Ecopsychology. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2015.0010
Cognitive and affective components of challenge and threat states
Meijen, Carla, Jones, Marc V., McCarthy, Paul J., Sheffield, David and Allen, Mark S. 2013. Cognitive and affective components of challenge and threat states. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.753157
Hemodynamic responses to active and passive coping tasks and the prediction of future blood pressure in Thai participants: A preliminary prospective cohort study
Yuenyongchaiwat, K., Sheffield, D., Baker, I. and Maratos, F. 2015. Hemodynamic responses to active and passive coping tasks and the prediction of future blood pressure in Thai participants: A preliminary prospective cohort study. Japanese Psychological Research. 57 (4), pp. 288-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12089
Who thrives under pressure? predicting the performance of elite academy cricketers using the cardiovascular indicators of challenge and threat states
Turner, Martin J., Jones, Marc V., Sheffield, David, Slater, Matthew J., Barker, Jamie B. and Bell, James J. 2013. Who thrives under pressure? predicting the performance of elite academy cricketers using the cardiovascular indicators of challenge and threat states.
Review of preventative behavioural interventions for dermal and respiratory hazards.
Lunt, J. A., Sheffield, David, Bell, N., Bennett, V. and Morris, L. A. 2011. Review of preventative behavioural interventions for dermal and respiratory hazards. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England). https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr099
Athletes and Experimental Pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thonton, C., Baird, A. and Sheffield, D. 2013. Athletes and Experimental Pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.12.007
The efficacy of psychologically based interventions to improve anxiety, depression and quality of life in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Baraniak, Amy and Sheffield, David 2012. The efficacy of psychologically based interventions to improve anxiety, depression and quality of life in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patient Education and Counseling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.04.010