Mental contrasting for health behaviour change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects and moderator variables
Journal article
Cross, Ainslea and Sheffield, David 2019. Mental contrasting for health behaviour change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects and moderator variables. Health Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2019.1594332
| Authors | Cross, Ainslea and Sheffield, David |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Mental contrasting is a self-regulation imagery strategy that involves imagining a desired future and mentally contrasting it with the present reality, which is assumed to prompt the individual to realise that action is required to achieve the desired future. Research has combined mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) (‘if-then’ plans), which is hypothesised to strengthen the effects. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mental contrasting for improving health-related behaviours. A meta-analysis (N = 1528) using random effects modelling found a main effect of mental contrasting on health outcomes, adjusted Hedges’ g = 0.28 (SE = .07), 95% CI [0.13–0.43], p < .001 at up to four weeks, and an increased effect at up to three months (k = 5), g = 0.38 (SE = 0.6), CI [0.20–0.55], p < .001. The combination of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII; k = 7) showed a similar effect, g = 0.28, CI [0.14–0.42], p < .001. Mental contrasting shows promise as a brief behaviour change strategy with a significant small to moderate-sized effect on changing health behaviour in the short-term. Analysis on a small subset of studies suggested that the addition of implementation intentions (MCII) did not further strengthen the effects of mental contrasting on health behaviours, although additional studies are needed. |
| Keywords | MCII; Mental contrasting; imagery; implementation intentions; self-regulation |
| Year | 2019 |
| Journal | Health Psychology Review |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| ISSN | 17437202 |
| 17437199 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2019.1594332 |
| Web address (URL) | http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623813 |
| hdl:10545/623813 | |
| Publication dates | 29 Mar 2019 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Deposited | 31 May 2019, 13:43 |
| Accepted | 09 Mar 2019 |
| Contributors | University of Derby |
| File | File Access Level Open |
| File |
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Van Gordon, William, Shonin, Edo, Dunn, Thomas J., Sheffield, David, Garcia-Campayo, Javier and Griffiths, Mark D. 2018. Meditation-induced near-death dxperiences: a 3-year longitudinal study. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0922-3A pilot study mapping citizens' interaction with urban nature
Ferrara, E., Liotta, A., Erhan, L., Ndubuaku, M., Giusto, D., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D. and McEwan, K. 2018. A pilot study mapping citizens' interaction with urban nature. IEEE International Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing. Athens, Greece 12 - 15 Aug 2018 IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/datacom/cyberscitec.2018.00-21A Demographic Analysis of Urban Nature Utilization
Ferrara, E., Liotta, A., Ndubuaku, M., Erhan, L., Giusto, D., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D. and McEwan, K. 2018. A Demographic Analysis of Urban Nature Utilization. 10th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference. 19 - 21 Sep 2018 IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/ceec.2018.8674206Creation and validation of the belief in the supernatural scale
Schofield, M.B., Baker, I.S., Staples, P. and Sheffield, D. 2018. Creation and validation of the belief in the supernatural scale. Journal of Parapsychology. 82 (1), pp. 41-84. https://doi.org/10.3089l/jopar.2018.01.04Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
Boban Simonovic, Edward J. N. Stupple, Maggie Gale, David Sheffield and Stupple, E. 2018. Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00217Mental health attitudes, self-criticism, compassion and role identity among UK social work students.
Kotera, Y., Green, Pauline Catherine and Sheffield, David 2018. Mental health attitudes, self-criticism, compassion and role identity among UK social work students. The British Journal Of Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy072Numeracy apprehension in young children: Insights from children aged 4-7 years and primary care providers
Petronzi, D., Staples, Paul, Sheffield, David and Fitton-Wilde, Sandra 2018. Numeracy apprehension in young children: Insights from children aged 4-7 years and primary care providers. Psychology and Education.Further development of the Children’s Mathematics Anxiety Scale UK (CMAS-UK) for ages 4–7 years
Petronzi, D., Staples, Paul, Sheffield, David, Hunt, Thomas E. and Fitton-Wilde, Sandra 2018. Further development of the Children’s Mathematics Anxiety Scale UK (CMAS-UK) for ages 4–7 years. Educational Studies in Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9860-1The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes.
Kotera, Y., Sheffield, David and Van Gordon, William 2018. The applications of neuro-linguistic programming in organizational settings: A systematic review of psychological outcomes. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21334Self-criticism and self-reassurance as mediators between mental health attitudes and symptoms: Attitudes towards mental health problems in Japanese workers.
Kotera, Y., Gilbert, Paul, Asano, Kenichi, Ishimura, Ikuo and Sheffield, David 2018. Self-criticism and self-reassurance as mediators between mental health attitudes and symptoms: Attitudes towards mental health problems in Japanese workers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12355Exploring emptiness and its effects on non-attachment, mystical experiences, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing: a quantitative and qualitative study of advanced meditators.
Van Gordon, William, Shonin, Edo, Dunn, Thomas J., Sapthiang, Supakyada, Kotera, Y., Garcia-Campayo, Javier and Sheffield, David 2018. Exploring emptiness and its effects on non-attachment, mystical experiences, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing: a quantitative and qualitative study of advanced meditators. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2018.12.003The integration of the workable range model into a mindfulness-based stress reduction course: a practice-based case study
Rose, Sally A., Sheffield, David and Harling, Martyn 2017. The integration of the workable range model into a mindfulness-based stress reduction course: a practice-based case study. Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0787-xForget cancer, let's MOVE: a behaviour change support model for physical activity for young people during and after cancer
Cross, Ainslea, Sheffield, David and Elander, James 2017. Forget cancer, let's MOVE: a behaviour change support model for physical activity for young people during and after cancer. Health Psychology Update.Setting up and initiating patient public involvement (PPI) as a collaborative process benefits research in its early stages
Varkonyi-Sep, Judit, Cross, Ainslea and Howarth, Peter 2017. Setting up and initiating patient public involvement (PPI) as a collaborative process benefits research in its early stages. Health Psychology Update.An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors
Hussain, Zaheer, Griffiths, Mark D. and Sheffield, David 2017. An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.052Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes
Wood, Andrew G., Barker, Jamie B., Turner, Martin J. and Sheffield, David 2017. Examining the effects of rational emotive behavior therapy on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12926Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection
Ryan Lumber, Miles Richardson and David Sheffield 2017. Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection. PLos ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177186Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong and Sheffield, David 2017. Blunted cardiovascular reactions are a predictor of negative health outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12091A longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports
Thornton, Claire, Sheffield, David and Baird, Andrew 2017. A longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports. Scandinavian Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.02.007Mental arithmetic performance, physiological reactivity and mathematics anxiety amongst U.K. primary school children
Hunt, Thomas E., Bhardwa, Janki and Sheffield, David 2017. Mental arithmetic performance, physiological reactivity and mathematics anxiety amongst U.K. primary school children. Learning and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.016Co-constructed dyadic illness experience in the discourse of couples living with severe uncontrolled asthma
Varkonyi-Sep, Judit, Cross, Ainslea and Howarth, Peter 2016. Co-constructed dyadic illness experience in the discourse of couples living with severe uncontrolled asthma. European Psychology Society.The value of art therapy in antenatal and postnatal care: A brief literature review with recommendations for future research
Hogan, S., Sheffield, D. and Woodward, A. 2017. The value of art therapy in antenatal and postnatal care: A brief literature review with recommendations for future research. International Journal of Art Therapy: Inscape. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2017.1299774The impact of patient participation direct enhanced service on patient reference groups in primary care: a qualitative study.
Pollard, Lorraine, Agarwal, Shona, Harrad, Fawn, Lester, Louise, Cross, Ainslea, Wray, Paula, Smith, Gordon, Locke, Anthony and Sinfield, Paul 2014. The impact of patient participation direct enhanced service on patient reference groups in primary care: a qualitative study. Quality in primary care.Mental contrasting as a behaviour change technique: a systematic review protocol paper of effects, mediators and moderators on health
Cross, Ainslea and Sheffield, David 2016. Mental contrasting as a behaviour change technique: a systematic review protocol paper of effects, mediators and moderators on health. Biomed Central. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0382-6Disney strategy for Japanese university students' career guidance: a mixed methods pilot study
Kotera, Y. and Sheffield, David 2017. Disney strategy for Japanese university students' career guidance: a mixed methods pilot study. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling. https://doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.3808The physiological and emotional effects of touch: Assessing a hand-massage intervention with high self-critics
Maratos, Frances A., Duarte, Joana, Barnes, Christopher, McEwan, Kirsten, Sheffield, David and Gilbert, Paul 2017. The physiological and emotional effects of touch: Assessing a hand-massage intervention with high self-critics. Psychiatry Research. 250, pp. 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.066Pupil Dilation and Cognitive Reflection as Predictors of Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task
Simonovic, B., Stupple, E.J.N., Gale, M. and Sheffield, D. 2017. Pupil Dilation and Cognitive Reflection as Predictors of Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Cognitive Science Society.Experiences of integrated care for dementia from family and carer perspectives: A framework analysis of massive open online course discussion board posts
Robertshaw, D. and Cross, Ainslea 2017. Experiences of integrated care for dementia from family and carer perspectives: A framework analysis of massive open online course discussion board posts. Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301217719991Children’s well-being and nature connectedness: Exploring the impact of a ‘3-good-things’ writing task on nature connectedness and well-being.
Harvey, Caroline, Sheffield, David and Richardson, Miles 2016. Children’s well-being and nature connectedness: Exploring the impact of a ‘3-good-things’ writing task on nature connectedness and well-being.The impact of a school-based gardening intervention on intentions and behaviour related to fruit and vegetable consumption in children
Duncan, Michael J., Eyre, Emma, Bryant, Elizabeth, Clarke, Neil, Birch, Samantha, Staples, Vicki and Sheffield, David 2015. The impact of a school-based gardening intervention on intentions and behaviour related to fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573445The effect of creative psychological interventions on psychological outcomes for adult cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Archer, Stephanie, Buxton, Sarah and Sheffield, David 2014. The effect of creative psychological interventions on psychological outcomes for adult cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Psycho-Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3607Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong, Baker, Ian S. and Sheffield, David 2016. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to cardiovascular responses to active, but not passive, coping tasks. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1935The yips in sport: A systematic review
Philip Clarke, David Sheffield and Sally Akehurst 2015. The yips in sport: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2015.1052088The relationship between pain beliefs and physical and mental health outcome measures in chronic low back pain: direct and indirect effects
Baird, Andrew and Sheffield, David 2016. The relationship between pain beliefs and physical and mental health outcome measures in chronic low back pain: direct and indirect effects. Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare4030058Three good things in nature: Noticing nearby nature brings sustained increases in connection with nature.
Richardson, Miles and Sheffield, David 2017. Three good things in nature: Noticing nearby nature brings sustained increases in connection with nature. PsyEcology. https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2016.1267136Joy and calm: how an evolutionary functional model of affect regulation informs positive emotions in nature
Richardson, Miles, McEwan, Kirsten, Maratos, Frances A. and Sheffield, David 2016. Joy and calm: how an evolutionary functional model of affect regulation informs positive emotions in nature. Evolutionary Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-016-0065-5Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Performance: An Eye-Tracking Approach
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2014. Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Performance: An Eye-Tracking Approach. Applied Cognitive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3099Math anxiety, intrusive thoughts and performance: Exploring the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance: The role of intrusive thoughts
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2014. Math anxiety, intrusive thoughts and performance: Exploring the relationship between mathematics anxiety and performance: The role of intrusive thoughts. Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Sciences.Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours.
Dunne S, Sheffield D and Chilcot J 2016. Brief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643377Nature: A New Paradigm for Well-being and Ergonomics.
Richardson M, Maspero M, Golightly D, Sheffield D, Staples V and Lumber R 2016. Nature: A New Paradigm for Well-being and Ergonomics. Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2016.1157213Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals.
Turner, Martin J., Jones, Marc V., Sheffield, David, Barker, Jamie B. and Coffee, Peter 2014. Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals. International Journal of Psychophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.004The Impact of Children’s Connection to Nature. A Report for the Royal Society of the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., Harvey, C. and Petronzi, D. 2016. The Impact of Children’s Connection to Nature. A Report for the Royal Society of the Protection of Birds (RSPB). Derby RSPB.Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both.
Simonovic, B., Stupple, Edward J. N., Gale, Maggie and Sheffield, David 2016. Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1980Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief
Schofield, M., Baker, Ian S., Staples, Paul and Sheffield, David 2016. Mental representations of the supernatural: A cluster analysis of religiosity, spirituality and paranormal belief. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.020Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later?
Yuenyongchaiwat, Kornanong, Baker, Ian S., Maratos, Frances A. and Sheffield, David 2016. Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later? The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 19. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.5'Everything's from the inside out with PCOS': Exploring women's experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype interviews
Williams, Sophie, Sheffield, David and Knibb, Rebecca C. 2015. 'Everything's from the inside out with PCOS': Exploring women's experiences of living with polycystic ovary syndrome and co-morbidities through Skype interviews. Health Psychology Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102915603051A snapshot of the lives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A photovoice investigation.
Williams, Sophie, Sheffield, David and Knibb, Rebecca C. 2014. A snapshot of the lives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A photovoice investigation. Journal of Health Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314547941The development and part validation of a U.K. scale for mathematics anxiety
Hunt, Thomas E., Clark-Carter, David and Sheffield, David 2011. The development and part validation of a U.K. scale for mathematics anxiety. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282910392892Reflective self-attention: A more stable predictor of connection to nature than mindful attention.
Richardson, Miles and Sheffield, David 2015. Reflective self-attention: A more stable predictor of connection to nature than mindful attention. Ecopsychology. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2015.0010Cognitive and affective components of challenge and threat states
Meijen, Carla, Jones, Marc V., McCarthy, Paul J., Sheffield, David and Allen, Mark S. 2013. Cognitive and affective components of challenge and threat states. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.753157Hemodynamic responses to active and passive coping tasks and the prediction of future blood pressure in Thai participants: A preliminary prospective cohort study
Yuenyongchaiwat, K., Sheffield, D., Baker, I. and Maratos, F. 2015. Hemodynamic responses to active and passive coping tasks and the prediction of future blood pressure in Thai participants: A preliminary prospective cohort study. Japanese Psychological Research. 57 (4), pp. 288-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12089Who thrives under pressure? predicting the performance of elite academy cricketers using the cardiovascular indicators of challenge and threat states
Turner, Martin J., Jones, Marc V., Sheffield, David, Slater, Matthew J., Barker, Jamie B. and Bell, James J. 2013. Who thrives under pressure? predicting the performance of elite academy cricketers using the cardiovascular indicators of challenge and threat states.