Module layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants.

Journal article


Wrigley, P.A., Wood, P., Stewart, Paul and Robertson, D. 2018. Module layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.10.023
AuthorsWrigley, P.A., Wood, P., Stewart, Paul and Robertson, D.
Abstract

The Small Modular Reactor (SMR) concept is designed such that it will solve some of the construction problems of large reactors. SMRs are designed to be “shop fabricated and then transported as modules to the sites for installation” (IAEA, 2018). As a consequence they theoretically have shorter build schedules and require less capitalinvestment(Locatelli etal.,2014).Factory builtmodulescanalsoincreasesafetyandproductivity, dueto higher quality tools and inspection available. A literature review has highlighted substantial work has been undertaken in the research, development and construction of different types of reactors and reactor modules but the design of balance of plant modules has not been extensively researched (Wrigley et al., 2018). The focus of this paperis a casestudy for balanceofplant modulesin alightwaterreactorwhich alsocould haveapplications to other reactor types. Modules thataredesignedfor factorybuildandtransport maybebuiltinastandardized moduleapproach.By maximizing module size for transport, this maximizes work offsite, to achieve the cost and schedule savings associated. A design method needs to be developed to help support this approach. To enable this, a three step method is proposed: group components into modules, layout the modules and arrange components inside the modules. The Shearon Harris nuclear power plant was chosen for its publically available data. A previous study on this plant used matrix reordering techniques to group components and heuristically assign them to large modules, built for construction in an assembly area on site, highlighting a potential capital cost savings of 15%. This paper utilizes the same allocation of components to modules as the previous study but aims to undertake the challenge of how balance of plant modules should be arranged. The literature review highlighted that although the facility and plant layout problem has been extensively researched, mathematical layout optimization has not been applied to nuclear power plants. Many techniques for layout optimization have been developed for facilities and process plants however. The work in this paper develops an optimization model using a genetic algorithm for module layout and allocation within a nuclear power plant. This paper analysed two configurations of modules, where balance of plant modules are located on either one or two sides of the nuclear island. The objective function was to minimise pipe length. In the original research, where the plant was configured for assembly on site, the balance of plant modules are located around three sides of the nuclear island. The objective function was calculated at 14,914. As the distances are calculated rectilinearly, this number would be higher in reality as pipework has to be routed around containment. The optimization reduced the objective function by 33.9% and 37.8% for the three and four floor layouts respectively when balance of plant modules are located on two sides of the nuclear island. Furthermore, when modules are located on one side of the nuclear island, the objective function was reduced by 45.4% and 46.1% for three and four floor layouts respectively. This will reduce materials used, reduce build time and hence reduce the cost of a nuclear power plant. This method will also save design time when developing the layout of modules around the plant.

The Small Modular Reactor (SMR) concept is designed such that it will solve some of the construction problems of large reactors. SMRs are designed to be “shop fabricated and then transported as modules to the sites for installation” (IAEA, 2018). As a consequence they theoretically have shorter build schedules and require less capitalinvestment(Locatelli etal.,2014).Factory builtmodulescanalsoincreasesafetyandproductivity, dueto higher quality tools and inspection available. A literature review has highlighted substantial work has been undertaken in the research, development and construction of different types of reactors and reactor modules but the design of balance of plant modules has not been extensively researched (Wrigley et al., 2018). The focus of this paperis a casestudy for balanceofplant modulesin alightwaterreactorwhich alsocould haveapplications to other reactor types. Modules thataredesignedfor factorybuildandtransport maybebuiltinastandardized moduleapproach.By maximizing module size for transport, this maximizes work offsite, to achieve the cost and schedule savings associated. A design method needs to be developed to help support this approach. To enable this, a three step method is proposed: group components into modules, layout the modules and arrange components inside the modules.
The Shearon Harris nuclear power plant was chosen for its publically available data. A previous study on this plant used matrix reordering techniques to group components and heuristically assign them to large modules, built for construction in an assembly area on site, highlighting a potential capital cost savings of 15%. This paper utilizes the same allocation of components to modules as the previous study but aims to undertake the challenge of how balance of plant modules should be arranged. The literature review highlighted that although the facility and plant layout problem has been extensively researched, mathematical layout optimization has not been applied to nuclear power plants. Many techniques for layout optimization have been developed for facilities and process plants however. The work in this paper develops an optimization model using a genetic algorithm for module layout and allocation within a nuclear power plant. This paper analysed two configurations of modules, where balance of plant modules are located on either one or two sides of the nuclear island. The objective function was to minimise pipe length. In the original research, where the plant was configured for assembly on site, the balance of plant modules are located around three sides of the nuclear island. The objective function was calculated at 14,914. As the distances are calculated rectilinearly, this number would be higher in reality as pipework has to be routed around containment. The optimization reduced the objective function by 33.9% and 37.8% for the three and four floor layouts respectively when balance of plant modules are located on two sides of the nuclear island. Furthermore, when modules are located on one side of the nuclear island, the objective function was reduced by 45.4% and 46.1% for three and four floor layouts respectively. This will reduce materials used, reduce build time and hence reduce the cost of a nuclear power plant. This method will also save design time when developing the layout of modules around the plant.

KeywordsSmall modular nuclear reactor; Genetic Algorithms
Year2018
JournalNuclear Engineering and Design
PublisherElsevier
ISSN0029-5493
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.10.023
Web address (URL)http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623125
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
hdl:10545/623125
Publication dates03 Nov 2018
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Deposited14 Nov 2018, 15:25
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ContributorsUniversity of Derby, University of Sheffield and Rolls-Royce Plc
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Stewart, Paul and Kadirkamanathan, Visakan 2003. Commutation of permanent-magnet synchronous AC motors for military and traction applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2003.812459
Torque maximisation of the Pmac motor for high performance, low inertia operation
Stewart, Paul 2008. Torque maximisation of the Pmac motor for high performance, low inertia operation. Asian Journal of Control. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1934-6093.2003.tb00097.x
Tailoring force-displacement characteristics in medium-stroke linear variable reluctance actuators
Clark, Richard E., Jewell, Geraint, Stewart, Paul and Howe, Dave 2002. Tailoring force-displacement characteristics in medium-stroke linear variable reluctance actuators. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2002.802131
Dynamic model reference PI control of permanent magnet AC motor drives
Stewart, Paul and Kadirkamanathan, Visakan 2001. Dynamic model reference PI control of permanent magnet AC motor drives. Control Engineering Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00071-5
Toward a more realistic, cost-effective, and greener ground movement through active routing: A multiobjective shortest path approach
Chen, Jun, Atkin, Jason A. D., Locatelli, Giorgio, Weiszer, Michal, Ravizza, Stefan, Stewart, Paul and Burke, Edmund K. 2016. Toward a more realistic, cost-effective, and greener ground movement through active routing: A multiobjective shortest path approach. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2587619
Condition parameter estimation for photovoltaic buck converters based on adaptive model observers
Cen, Zhaohui and Stewart, Paul 2016. Condition parameter estimation for photovoltaic buck converters based on adaptive model observers. IEEE Transactions on Reliability. https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2016.2618320
Multifunctional unmanned reconnaissance aircraft for low-speed and STOL operations
Trancossi, Michele, Bingham, Chris, Capuani, Alfredo, Das, Shyam, Dumas, Antonio, Grimaccia, Francesco, Madonia, Mauro, Pascoa, Jose, Smith, Tim, Stewart, Paul, Subhash, Maharshi, Sunol, Anna and Vucinic, Dean 2015. Multifunctional unmanned reconnaissance aircraft for low-speed and STOL operations. SAE Technical Paper AeroTech Congress & Exhibition. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2465
Optimal speed profile generation for airport ground movement with consideration of emissions
Chen, Jun, Weiszer, Michal and Stewart, Paul 2015. Optimal speed profile generation for airport ground movement with consideration of emissions. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.292
Preference-based evolutionary algorithm for airport runway scheduling and ground movement optimisation
Weiszer, Michal, Chen, Jun and Stewart, Paul 2015. Preference-based evolutionary algorithm for airport runway scheduling and ground movement optimisation. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2015.336
Advances in control engineering
Stewart, Paul 2015. Advances in control engineering. Machines — Open Access Engineering Journal.
Electrical power and energy systems for transportation applications
Stewart, Paul and Bingham, Chris 2016. Electrical power and energy systems for transportation applications. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9070545
A controlled migration genetic algorithm operator for hardware-in-the-loop experimentation
Gladwin, Daniel, Stewart, Paul and Stewart, Jill 2011. A controlled migration genetic algorithm operator for hardware-in-the-loop experimentation. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2011.01.006
Special Issue "Electrical Power and Energy Systems"
Stewart, Paul and Bingham, Chris 2013. Special Issue "Electrical Power and Energy Systems". Energies.
Real-time thermal management of permanent magnet synchronous motors by resistance estimation
Wilson, S. D., Stewart, Paul and Stewart, Jill 2012. Real-time thermal management of permanent magnet synchronous motors by resistance estimation. IET Electric Power Applications. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2010.0232
Energy harvesting and power network architectures for the multibody advanced airship for transport high altitude cruiser-feeder airship concept
Smith, Tim, Bingham, Chris, Stewart, Paul, Allarton, R. and Stewart, Jill 2013. Energy harvesting and power network architectures for the multibody advanced airship for transport high altitude cruiser-feeder airship concept. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410012469319
Aircraft taxi time prediction: Comparisons and insights
Ravizza, Stefan, Chen, Jun, Atkin, Jason A. D., Stewart, Paul and Burke, Edmund K. 2014. Aircraft taxi time prediction: Comparisons and insights. Applied Soft Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2013.10.004
The trade-off between taxi time and fuel consumption in airport ground movement
Ravizza, Stefan, Chen, Jun, Atkin, Jason A. D., Burke, Edmund K. and Stewart, Paul 2013. The trade-off between taxi time and fuel consumption in airport ground movement. Public Transport. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-013-0060-1
A review of thrust-vectoring in support of a V/STOL non-moving mechanical propulsion system
Páscoa, José, Dumas, Antonio, Trancossi, Michele, Stewart, Paul and Vucinic, Dean 2013. A review of thrust-vectoring in support of a V/STOL non-moving mechanical propulsion system. Central European Journal of Physics. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13531-013-0114-9
Increasing aeronautic electric propulsion performances by cogeneration and heat recovery
Trancossi, Michele, Dumas, Antonio, Stewart, Paul and Vucinic, Dean 2014. Increasing aeronautic electric propulsion performances by cogeneration and heat recovery. SAE Transactions. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2106.
Toward a More Realistic, Cost-Effective, and Greener Ground Movement Through Active Routing—Part I: Optimal Speed Profile Generation
Chen, Jun, Weiszer, Michal, Stewart, Paul and Shabani, Masihalah 2015. Toward a More Realistic, Cost-Effective, and Greener Ground Movement Through Active Routing—Part I: Optimal Speed Profile Generation. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2477350
Integrated flight/thrust vectoring control for jet-powered unmanned aerial vehicles with ACHEON propulsion
Cen, Zhaohui, Smith, Tim, Stewart, Paul and Stewart, Jill 2014. Integrated flight/thrust vectoring control for jet-powered unmanned aerial vehicles with ACHEON propulsion. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410014544179
A real-time Active Routing approach via a database for airport surface movement
Weiszer, Michal, Chen, Jun and Stewart, Paul 2015. A real-time Active Routing approach via a database for airport surface movement. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.07.011
A new aircraft architecture based on the ACHEON Coanda effect nozzle: flight model and energy evaluation
Marques, Jose Pascoa, Porreca, Eliana, Smith, Tim, Stewart, Paul, Subhash, Maharshi, Sunol, Anna, Vucinic, Dean, Trancossi, Michele, Madonia, Mauro, Dumas, Antonio, Angeli, Diego, Bingham, Chris, das, shyam sumanta and Grimaccia, Francesco 2016. A new aircraft architecture based on the ACHEON Coanda effect nozzle: flight model and energy evaluation. European Transport Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-016-0198-4