Design and Manufacture of One-Size-Fits-All Healthcare Face Shields for the NHS During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal article
Gunputh, U., Williams, G., Leighton, A., Carter, W., Varasteh, H., Pawlik, M., Lu, Y., Sims, R., Lyons, M., Clementson, J., Tripathi, G., Nick Chambers, Matt Roe and Wood, P. 2022. Design and Manufacture of One-Size-Fits-All Healthcare Face Shields for the NHS During the COVID-19 Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4258668
| Authors | Gunputh, U., Williams, G., Leighton, A., Carter, W., Varasteh, H., Pawlik, M., Lu, Y., Sims, R., Lyons, M., Clementson, J., Tripathi, G., Nick Chambers, Matt Roe and Wood, P. |
|---|---|
| Abstract | During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a shortage of personal protective equipment, PPE, which resulted in non-certified PPE being used by healthcare staffs. These would not provide the appropriate protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Together with the local NHS Trust (University Hospitals of Derby and Burton (UHDB) NHS Foundation Trust) and a local small and medium enterprise (SME), Riverside Medical Packaging Ltd, the University of Derby (UoD) developed test protocols for PPE with a one-size-fits-all concept. Building on best practice in reviewing the literature and current design requirements, key design parameters were identified such as a minimum strap width and comfort level for healthcare related Face Shield. Two strap headbands made from fabric and elastomer with linear stiffness of 26.5N/m and 112N/m respectively were tested with respect to fit and comfort on small and large arc-shaped models. There was an exponential change in pressure from the side to the middle of the strap headbands. The high stiffness of the elastomer in a radial set-up influenced the pressure exerted on a wearer’s head when the elastomer strap was used. Meanwhile the coefficient of friction between the fabric strap and arc-shaped model influenced the pressure exerted when a fabric strap was used. The ergonomics of the designed Face Shields supported the one-size-fits-all concept, whereby various gender and head circumferences were considered. The findings in this paper will promote new standards in the design of PPE with a one-size-fits-all target. |
| Keywords | COVID-19, ; PPE, ; Face shield, ; One-size-fits-all, ; coefficient of friction, ; Ergonomics |
| Year | 2022 |
| Journal | SSRN Electronic Journal |
| ISSN | 1556-5068 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4258668 |
| Web address (URL) | http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4258668 |
| Output status | Submitted |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 26 Oct 2022 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Deposited | 15 Jun 2023 |
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Patel, A, Tripathi, G, Gopalakrishnan, K, Williams, N and Arasaradnam, R.P 2015. Field cancerisation in colorectal cancer: A new frontier or pastures past? World Journal of Gastroenterology. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3763Freeze dried broccoli extract relieves ER stress and mitochondrial inefficiency in differentiated human pre-adipocyte cells
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Kumsaiyai, W, Al-Daghri, N, Kyrou, I, Vrbikova, J, Hainer, V, Fried, M, Sramkova, P, Barber, T, S Kumar, Tripathi, G and McTernan, P 2014. Systemic triglycerides as a key determinant of TLR regulated inflammatory risk in human adipose tissue post bariatric surgical intervention and weight loss. bioscientifica. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.34.P238Tunicamycin-induced ER stress mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipocytes
Jackisch, L, Murphy, A, Al-Daghri, N, McTernan, P, Randeva, H and Tripathi, G 2014. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipocytes. bioscientifica. https://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.44.P193Methyl donor deficiency due to low vitamin b12 impairs insulin signalling in human adipocytes by down regulating AKT pathway via PTEN and TRB3
Adaikalakoteswari, A, Finer, S, Voyias, P.D, McCarthy, M, Vatish, M, Moore, J, Smart-Halajko, M, Bawazeer, N, Al-Daghri, N.M, McTernan, P.G, Hitman, G.A, Saravanan, P and Tripathi, G 2014. Methyl donor deficiency due to low vitamin b12 impairs insulin signalling in human adipocytes by down regulating AKT pathway via PTEN and TRB3. American Diabetes Association.Vitamin B12 deficiency induces adipocyte dysfunction via enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis, unfolded protein response and associated epigenetic marks
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Piya, Milan K, Harte, A. L, Sivakumar, K, Tripathi, G, Voyias, P. D, James, S, Sabico, S, Al-Daghri, N, M, Saravanan, P, Barber, T. M, Kumar, S, Vatish, M and McTernan, P. G 2014. The identification of irisin in human cerebrospinal fluid: influence of adiposity, metabolic markers, and gestational diabetes. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00308.2013Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes.
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Reddy, N.L, Jones, T.A, Wayte, S.C, Adesanya, O, Sankar, S, Yeo, Y.C, Tripathi, G, McTernan, P.G, Randeva, H.S, Kumar, S and Hutchinson, C.E 2014. Identification of brown adipose tissue using MR imaging in a human adult with histological and immunohistochemical confirmation. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2036Postprandial effect of a high-fat meal on endotoxemia in Arab women with and without insulin-resistance-related diseases.
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Underwood, Diana and Sims, Ruth 2019. Do office workers adjust their chairs? End-user knowledge, use and barriers to chair adjustment. Applied Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.12.007Effects of the graphene on the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced polymer - a numerical and experimental study
Pawlik, Marzena 2019. Effects of the graphene on the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced polymer - a numerical and experimental study. Thesis https://doi.org/10.48773/94384Design for plant modularisation: nuclear and SMR.
Wrigley, Paul, Wood, Paul, Stewart, Paul, Hall, Richard and Robertson, Dan 2018. Design for plant modularisation: nuclear and SMR. 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1115/ICONE26-81760Module layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants.
Wrigley, P.A., Wood, P., Stewart, Paul and Robertson, D. 2018. Module layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.10.023Anodised TiO 2 nanotubes as a scaffold for antibacterial silver nanoparticles on titanium implants.
Gunputh, Urvashi Fowdar, Le, Huirong, Handy, Richard and Tredwin, Christopher 2018. Anodised TiO 2 nanotubes as a scaffold for antibacterial silver nanoparticles on titanium implants. Materials Science and Engineering: C. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.074Mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by I-ECAP.
Gzyl, Michal, Rosochowski, Andrzej, Pesci, Raphael, Olejnik, Lech, Yakushina, Evgenia and Wood, Paul 2013. Mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by I-ECAP. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2094-zModule layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants.
Wrigley, P., Wood, Paul, Stewart, Paul, Hall, Richard and Robertson, D. 2018. Module layout optimization using a genetic algorithm in light water modular nuclear reactor power plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.10.023HADRIAN meets AUNT-SUE
Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E. and Case, Keith 2005. HADRIAN meets AUNT-SUE.Case study 2: HADRIAN: A human factors computer-aided inclusive design tool for transport planning.
Porter, J. Mark, Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth and Summerskill, Steve 2006. Case study 2: HADRIAN: A human factors computer-aided inclusive design tool for transport planning. Loughborough University. Published by The Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20060184Constraint modelling in 'design for all'
Case, Keith, Goonetilleke, Thanuja Shiromie, Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Gyi, Diane E. and Sims, Ruth 2003. Constraint modelling in 'design for all'. CIT Press.Kitchen living in later life: Exploring ergonomic problems, coping strategies and design solutions
Maguire, Martin C., Peace, Sheila, Nicolle, Colette, Marshall, Russell, Sims, Ruth, Percival, John and Lawton, Clare 2014. Kitchen living in later life: Exploring ergonomic problems, coping strategies and design solutions.Supporting older and disabled people’s needs in product, environment and service design
Sims, Ruth, Marshall, Russell, Summerskill, Steve, Gyi, Diane E. and Case, Keith 2012. Supporting older and disabled people’s needs in product, environment and service design.Inclusive design for the mobility impaired
Porter, J. Mark, Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth and Summerskill, Steve 2008. Inclusive design for the mobility impaired. in: CRC Press.HADRIAN: a human modelling CAD tool to promote "design for all"
Porter, J. Mark, Marshall, Russell, Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E. and Case, Keith 2003. HADRIAN: a human modelling CAD tool to promote "design for all".Design and evaluation: end users, user datasets and personas
Marshall, Russell, Cook, Sharon, Mitchell, Val, Summerskill, Steve, Haines, Victoria, Maguire, Martin C., Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E. and Case, Keith 2013. Design and evaluation: end users, user datasets and personas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.03.008Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Tripodi, Antonino, Quigley, Claire, Sims, Ruth, van de Leur, Martijn, van der Kloof, Angela, Fornasiero, Alessandro and Carroccia, Roberto 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Appelt, Viet, Astapenko, Anna, Musso, Antonio, Corazza, Maria V., Tripodi, Antonino, Quigley, Claire, Rackliff, Lucy, Danton, Russell, Pearce, Duncan, Talbot, Rachel, Sims, Ruth, Rios, Iaci, Pietrantonio, Hugo, Quintanilha, Jose Alberto, Magar, Rajendra and Kharat, Mahendra 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.Transport planning guidelines for vulnerable road user safety in emerging economies.
Quigley, Claire, Sims, Ruth, Hill, Julian, Tripodi, Antonino, Persia, Luca, Pietrantonio, Hugo and Kharat, Mahendra 2012. Transport planning guidelines for vulnerable road user safety in emerging economies.Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Quigley, Claire, Sims, Ruth, Usami, D. Shingo, Tripodi, Antonino, Pietrantonio, Hugo and Kharat, Mahendra 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.Supporting a design-driven approach to social inclusion and accessibility in transport
Marshall, Russell, Summerskill, Steve, Case, Keith, Hussain, Amjad, Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth, Morris, Andrew and Barnes, Jo 2016. Supporting a design-driven approach to social inclusion and accessibility in transport. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i3.521HADRIAN: a virtual approach to design for all.
Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Porter, J. Mark, Summerskill, Steve, Gyi, Diane E., Davis, Peter and Sims, Ruth 2010. HADRIAN: a virtual approach to design for all. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544820903317019Validation of the HADRIAN system using an ATM evaluation case study
Summerskill, Steve, Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth and Davis, Peter 2009. Validation of the HADRIAN system using an ATM evaluation case study. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02809-0_77A design ergonomics approach to accessibility and user needs in transport
Marshall, Russell, Gyi, Diane E., Case, Keith, Porter, J. Mark, Sims, Ruth, Summerskill, Steve and Davis, Peter 2009. A design ergonomics approach to accessibility and user needs in transport. Taylor & Francis.In search of design synthesis by linking ergonomic evaluation and constraint modelling to attain design for all
Goonetilleke, Thanuja Shiromie, Case, Keith, Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Gyi, Diane E. and Sims, Ruth 2003. In search of design synthesis by linking ergonomic evaluation and constraint modelling to attain design for all.Age friendly kitchens: a study based on social history and ergonomics
Maguire, Martin C., Nicolle, Colette, Marshall, Russell, Sims, Ruth, Lawton, Clare, Peace, Sheila and Percival, John 2011. Age friendly kitchens: a study based on social history and ergonomics. Helen Hamlyn Research Centre (Royal College of Art).'Beyond Jack and Jill': designing for individuals using HADRIAN
Porter, J. Mark, Case, Keith, Marshall, Russell, Gyi, Diane E. and Sims, Ruth 2004. 'Beyond Jack and Jill': designing for individuals using HADRIAN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2003.08.002Activities of daily life still cause problems for many older and physically impaired people.
Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E., Marshall, Russell and Case, Keith 2012. Activities of daily life still cause problems for many older and physically impaired people.Validation of the HADRIAN system using an ATM evaluation case study
Summerskill, Steve, Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth, Davis, Peter, Day, Philip N., Rohan, C. and Birnie, S. 2010. Validation of the HADRIAN system using an ATM evaluation case study. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFMS.2010.040275Virtual fitting trails using SAMMIE and HADRIAN
Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Case, Keith, Sims, Ruth and Gyi, Diane E. 2003. Virtual fitting trails using SAMMIE and HADRIAN.Virtual task simulation for inclusive design.
Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Summerskill, Steve, Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E. and Davis, Peter 2009. Virtual task simulation for inclusive design. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02809-0Supporting an inclusive, sustainable approach to design and manufacture.
Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E., Summerskill, Steve and Sims, Ruth 2011. Supporting an inclusive, sustainable approach to design and manufacture.Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Sims, Ruth, Quigley, Claire, Tripodi, Antonino, van der Kloof, Angela, van de Leur, Martijn, Wolf, Daniel and Pietrantonio, Hugo 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Quigley, Claire, Sims, Ruth, Tripodi, Antonino, Rios, Iaci, Wolf, Daniel, Magar, Rajendra and Quintanilha, Jose Alberto 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.The contribution that a co-design approach can make to idea generation for workplace travel plans
Ross, Tracy, Mitchell, Val, May, Andrew and Sims, Ruth 2013. The contribution that a co-design approach can make to idea generation for workplace travel plans. Universities' Transport Study Group (UTSG).Development and evaluation of task based digital human modeling for inclusive design
Marshall, Russell, Summerskill, Steve, Case, Keith, Gyi, Diane E. and Sims, Ruth 2010. Development and evaluation of task based digital human modeling for inclusive design. Taylor & Francis.'Design for all': methods and data to support designers
Sims, Ruth 2003. 'Design for all': methods and data to support designers. ThesisOlder people's experiences of their kitchens: dishes and wishes.
Sims, Ruth, Marshall, Russell, Maguire, Martin C., Nicolle, Colette, Lawton, Clare, Pearce, S. and Percival, John 2011. Older people's experiences of their kitchens: dishes and wishes.A computer aided ergonomics tool to support accessible transport design
Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Porter, J. Mark, Sims, Ruth and Gyi, Diane E. 2005. A computer aided ergonomics tool to support accessible transport design.Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil
Quigley, Claire, Sims, Ruth, Corazza, Maria V., Di Mascio, Paolo, Musso, Antonio, Persia, Luca, Tripodi, Antonino, Kharat, Mahendra, Pietrantonio, Hugo, van der Kloof, Angela and van den Noort, Pascal 2011. Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil.Using Hadrian for eliciting virtual user feedback in 'Design For All'
Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Case, Keith, Sims, Ruth and Gyi, Diane E. 2004. Using Hadrian for eliciting virtual user feedback in 'Design For All'. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954405041897149Multivariate design inclusion using HADRIAN.
Marshall, Russell, Summerskill, Steve, Porter, J. Mark, Case, Keith, Sims, Ruth, Gyi, Diane E. and Davis, Peter 2008. Multivariate design inclusion using HADRIAN.The HADRIAN approach to accessible transport.
Marshall, Russell, Porter, J. Mark, Sims, Ruth, Summerskill, Steve, Gyi, Diane E. and Case, Keith 2009. The HADRIAN approach to accessible transport. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2009-0881Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions
Mitchell, Val, Ross, Tracy, May, Andrew, Sims, Ruth and Parker, Christopher J. 2015. Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894Virtual task analysis in 'design for all'.
Marshall, Russell, Case, Keith, Porter, J. Mark, Gyi, Diane E. and Sims, Ruth 2003. Virtual task analysis in 'design for all'.HADRIAN: “I am not a number, I am a free man!”
Porter, J. Mark, Marshall, Russell, Sims, Ruth, Case, Keith and Gyi, Diane E. 2006. HADRIAN: “I am not a number, I am a free man!”. Chalmers University.Representing older and disabled people in virtual user trials: data collection methods
Gyi, Diane E., Sims, Ruth, Porter, J. Mark, Marshall, Russell and Case, Keith 2004. Representing older and disabled people in virtual user trials: data collection methods. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.04.002An investigation into metal coated additively manufactured polymer lattice structures
Farhan Khan, Muhammad, Williams, Gavin and Maligno, Angelo 2016. An investigation into metal coated additively manufactured polymer lattice structures. OMICS International. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.037Multiscale modelling of fluid and solute transport in soft tissues and microvessels
Lu, Yiling and Wang, Wen 2010. Multiscale modelling of fluid and solute transport in soft tissues and microvessels. Journal of Multiscale Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1142/S175697371000028XLeft atrial wall stress distribution and its relationship to electrophysiologic remodeling in persistent atrial fibrillation
Hunter, R. J., Liu, Yankai, Lu, Yiling, Wang, Wen and Schilling, R. J. 2012. Left atrial wall stress distribution and its relationship to electrophysiologic remodeling in persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.111.965541Inert gas clearance from tissue by co-currently and counter-currently arranged microvessels
Lu, Yiling, Michel, C. C. and Wang, Wen 2012. Inert gas clearance from tissue by co-currently and counter-currently arranged microvessels. Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00006.2012Collection of anthropometry from older and physically impaired persons: traditional methods versus TC2 3-D body scanner
Sims, Ruth, Marshall, Russell, Gyi, Diane E., Summerskill, Steve and Case, Keith 2013. Collection of anthropometry from older and physically impaired persons: traditional methods versus TC2 3-D body scanner. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2011.10.002