Cognitive control in belief-laden reasoning during conclusion processing: An ERP study

Journal article


Luo, Junlong, Liu, Xin, Stupple, Edward J. N., Zhang, Entao, Xiao, Xiao, Jia, Lei, Yang, Qun, Li, Haijiang and Zhang, Qinglin 2013. Cognitive control in belief-laden reasoning during conclusion processing: An ERP study. International Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.677539
AuthorsLuo, Junlong, Liu, Xin, Stupple, Edward J. N., Zhang, Entao, Xiao, Xiao, Jia, Lei, Yang, Qun, Li, Haijiang and Zhang, Qinglin
Abstract

Belief bias is the tendency to accept conclusions that are compatible with existing beliefs more frequently than those that contradict beliefs. It is one of the most replicated behavioral findings in the reasoning literature. Recently, neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) have provided a new perspective and have demonstrated neural correlates of belief bias that have been viewed as supportive of dual-process theories of belief bias. However, fMRI studies have tended to focus on conclusion processing, while ERPs studies have been concerned with the processing of premises. In the present research, the electrophysiological correlates of cognitive control were studied among 12 subjects using high-density ERPs. The analysis was focused on the conclusion presentation phase and was limited to normatively sanctioned responses to valid–believable and valid–unbelievable problems. Results showed that when participants gave normatively sanctioned responses to problems where belief and logic conflicted, a more positive ERP deflection was elicited than for normatively sanctioned responses to nonconflict problems. This was observed from −400 to −200 ms prior to the correct response being given. The positive component is argued to be analogous to the late positive component (LPC) involved in cognitive control processes. This is consistent with the inhibition of empirically anomalous information when conclusions are unbelievable. These data are important in elucidating the neural correlates of belief bias by providing evidence for electrophysiological correlates of conflict resolution during conclusion processing. Moreover, they are supportive of dual-process theories of belief bias that propose conflict detection and resolution processes as central to the explanation of belief bias.

KeywordsReasoning; Belief bias; Cognitive control; Dual processing; Event-related potentials; Late positive compenent
Year2013
JournalInternational Journal of Psychology
PublisherTaylor & Francis
ISSN0020-7594
1464-066X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.677539
Web address (URL)http://hdl.handle.net/10545/565661
hdl:10545/565661
Publication datesJun 2013
Publication process dates
Deposited05 Aug 2015, 15:10
Rights

Archived with thanks to International Journal of Psychology

ContributorsUniversity of Derby
File
File Access Level
Open
File
File Access Level
Open
Permalink -

https://repository.derby.ac.uk/item/94qz3/cognitive-control-in-belief-laden-reasoning-during-conclusion-processing-an-erp-study

Download files

  • 62
    total views
  • 26
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Examining flight time, cognitive reflection, workload, stress and metacognition on decision making performance for pilots during flight simulation
Mohan, A., Simonovic, B., Correa Vione, K. and Stupple, E. 2024. Examining flight time, cognitive reflection, workload, stress and metacognition on decision making performance for pilots during flight simulation. Ergonomics. pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2024.2404642
Effects of colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays on anaesthetic drug error detection under cognitive load
Laxton, V., Frances A. Maratos, David W. Hewson, Baird, A., Archer, S. and Stupple, E. 2024. Effects of colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays on anaesthetic drug error detection under cognitive load. British Journal of Anaesthesia. pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.033
Explaining normative–deliberative gaps is essential to dual-process theorizing
Linden J. Ball and Stupple, E. 2023. Explaining normative–deliberative gaps is essential to dual-process theorizing. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 46. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x22003107
It is not what you think it is how you think: a critical thinking intervention enhances argumentation, analytic thinking and metacognitive sensitivity
Simonovic, B., Katia Vione, Edward Stupple and Doherty, A. 2023. It is not what you think it is how you think: a critical thinking intervention enhances argumentation, analytic thinking and metacognitive sensitivity. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 49, pp. 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101362
Robust intuition? Exploring the difference in the strength of intuitions from perspective of attentional bias
Wang, Y., Bao, W., Stupple, E. and Junlong Luo 2023. Robust intuition? Exploring the difference in the strength of intuitions from perspective of attentional bias. Thinking & Reasoning. pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2023.2220972
why are surgical never events still occurring: A Delphi study research sample across NHS England operating theatres.
Roberts, N., Wordsworth, S. and Stupple, E. 2023. why are surgical never events still occurring: A Delphi study research sample across NHS England operating theatres. Perioperative care and operating room management. 32, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcorm.2023.100327
5S solutions to promote medication efficiency and safety. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 130: e416–8
Victoria Laxton, Frances A. Maratos, David W. Hewson, Andrew Baird, Edward J.N. Stupple and Maratos, F. 2023. 5S solutions to promote medication efficiency and safety. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2023; 130: e416–8. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 78, pp. 458-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.004
Standardised colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays improve anaesthetic medication visual search and mitigate cognitive load
Victoria Laxton, Frances A. Maratos, David W. Hewson, Andrew Baird, Edward J.N. Stupple and Stupple, E. 2023. Standardised colour-coded compartmentalised syringe trays improve anaesthetic medication visual search and mitigate cognitive load. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 130 (3), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2022.11.012
Editorial: The Marketization of Higher Education: The State of the Union Between the Student as Consumer and the Free Market
Howard, C., Senior, C., Stupple, E.J., Corcoran, A., Igarashi, Y. and Stupple, E. 2022. Editorial: The Marketization of Higher Education: The State of the Union Between the Student as Consumer and the Free Market. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol 13 (Article: 932122). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932122
Exploring pattern recognition: what is the relationship between the recognition of words, faces and other objects?
Maratos, F., Chu, K., Lipka, S., Parente, F. and Stupple, E. 2022. Exploring pattern recognition: what is the relationship between the recognition of words, faces and other objects? Cognitive Processing. 24, pp. 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-022-01111-3
The impact of attitudes beliefs and cognitive reflection on the development of critical thinking skills in online students
Boban Simonovic, Katia Vione, Dean Fido, Edward Stupple, James Martin and Richard Clarke 2022. The impact of attitudes beliefs and cognitive reflection on the development of critical thinking skills in online students. The Online Learning Consortium. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vt9ks
Student Primacy and the Post Pandemic University
Carl Senior, Howard, C., Edward J. N. Stupple, Rowena Senior and Stupple, E. 2021. Student Primacy and the Post Pandemic University. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.712767
Negative self-referential emotions and mental health in youth: The importance of self-criticism.
Ashra, H., Barnes, C., Stupple, E. and Maratos, F. 2021. Negative self-referential emotions and mental health in youth: The importance of self-criticism. Current Research In Psychiatry . 1 (4), pp. 63-67.
A systematic review of self-report measures of negative self-referential emotions developed for non-clinical child and adolescent samples
Ashra, Hajra, Barnes, Christopher, Stupple, Edward and Maratos, Frances A. 2021. A systematic review of self-report measures of negative self-referential emotions developed for non-clinical child and adolescent samples. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00339-9
Measuring actions for nature—development and validation of a pro-nature conservation behaviour scale
Barbett, Lea, Stupple, Edward, Sweet, Michael, Schofield, M. and Richardson, Miles 2020. Measuring actions for nature—development and validation of a pro-nature conservation behaviour scale. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124885
Huntington’s Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers--Short Form
Aimee Aubeeluck, Stupple, E., Malcolm B. Schofield, Alis C. Hughes, Lucienne van der Meer, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer and Aileen K. Ho 2019. Huntington’s Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers--Short Form. American Psychological Association (APA). https://doi.org/10.1037/t77728-000
Motivation to Change Lifestyle for Dementia Risk Reduction Scale--Brief
Deborah Oliveira, Aimee Aubeeluck, Stupple, E., Sarang Kim and Martin Orrell 2019. Motivation to Change Lifestyle for Dementia Risk Reduction Scale--Brief. American Psychological Association (APA). https://doi.org/10.1037/t74509-000
The impact of pop-up warning messages of losses on expenditure in a simulated game of roulette: A pilot Study
McGivern, Paul, Hussain, Zaheer, Lipka, Sigrid and Stupple, Edward 2019. The impact of pop-up warning messages of losses on expenditure in a simulated game of roulette: A pilot Study. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7191-5
Mental Models or Probabilistic Reasoning or Both
Natasha Beeson, Edward J. N. Stupple, Malcolm B. Schofield, Paul Staples and Stupple, E. 2019. Mental Models or Probabilistic Reasoning or Both. Psihologijske teme. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.28.1.2
Exploring the reliability and validity of the Huntington’s Disease quality of life battery for carers (HDQoL-C) within a Polish population
Aubeeluck, Aimee, Stupple, Edward, Bartoszek, A, Kocka, K, Ślusarska, B and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2019. Exploring the reliability and validity of the Huntington’s Disease quality of life battery for carers (HDQoL-C) within a Polish population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132323
An international validation of a clinical tool to assess carers’ quality of life in Huntington’s Disease.
Aubeeluck, Aimee, Stupple, Edward J. N., Schofield, M., Hughes, Alis C., van der Meer, Lucienne, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard and Ho, Aileen K. 2019. An international validation of a clinical tool to assess carers’ quality of life in Huntington’s Disease. Frontiers in Psychology. 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01658
Using eye tracking to explore Facebook use and associations with Facebook addiction, mental well-being, and personality
Hussain, Zaheer, Simonovic, B., Stupple, Edward and Austin, Maggie 2019. Using eye tracking to explore Facebook use and associations with Facebook addiction, mental well-being, and personality. Behavioral Sciences. 9 (2), p. 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9020019
Sweating the small stuff: a meta-analysis of skin conductance on the Iowa gambling task
Simonovic, B., Stupple, Edward J. N., Gale, Maggie and Sheffield, David 2019. Sweating the small stuff: a meta-analysis of skin conductance on the Iowa gambling task. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-019-00744-w
Factor and reliability analysis of a brief scale to measure motivation to change lifestyle for dementia risk reduction in the UK: the MOCHAD-10.
Oliveira, Deborah, Aubeeluck, Aimee, Stupple, Ed, Kim, Sarang and Orrell, Martin 2019. Factor and reliability analysis of a brief scale to measure motivation to change lifestyle for dementia risk reduction in the UK: the MOCHAD-10. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1143-8
Exploring the experience of novelty when viewing creative adverts: An ERP study.
Zhou, Shujin, Yin, Yue, Yu, Tingting, Stupple, Edward J. N. and Luo, Junlong 2018. Exploring the experience of novelty when viewing creative adverts: An ERP study. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00471
Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
Boban Simonovic, Edward J. N. Stupple, Maggie Gale, David Sheffield and Stupple, E. 2018. Performance Under Stress: An Eye-Tracking Investigation of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00217
The Monty Hall problem revisited: Autonomic arousal in an inverted version of the game.
Massad, Eduardo, dos Santos, Paulo Cesar Costa, da Rocha, Armando Freitas and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2018. The Monty Hall problem revisited: Autonomic arousal in an inverted version of the game. PLos ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192542
Event-related potentials support a dual process account of the Embedded Chinese Character Task
Stupple, E. 2018. Event-related potentials support a dual process account of the Embedded Chinese Character Task. Neuropsychologia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.021
Figural effects in a syllogistic evaluation paradigm
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Ball, Linden J. 2007. Figural effects in a syllogistic evaluation paradigm. Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.54.2.120
Conflict and Dual Process Theory
Linden J. Ball, Valerie A. Thompson, Edward J. N. Stupple and Stupple, E. 2017. Conflict and Dual Process Theory. in: De Neys, W. (ed.) Dual Process Theory 2.0 Abingdon, Oxfordshire Routledge.
Slower is not always better: Response-time evidence clarifies the limited role of miserly information processing in the Cognitive Reflection Test
Stupple, Edward J. N., Pitchford, Melanie, Ball, Linden J., Hunt, Thomas E. and Steel, Richard 2017. Slower is not always better: Response-time evidence clarifies the limited role of miserly information processing in the Cognitive Reflection Test. PLos ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186404
Dual Reasoning Processes and the Resolution of Uncertainty: The Case of Belief Bias
Stupple, E. and Ball, L. J. 2016. Dual Reasoning Processes and the Resolution of Uncertainty: The Case of Belief Bias. in: Macchi, L., Bagassi, M. and Viale, R. (ed.) Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality Cambridge, Massachusetts MIT Press. pp. 143-166
Do student nurses experience Imposter Phenomenon? An international comparison of Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students readiness for registration
Christensen, Martin, Aubeeluck, Aimee, Fergusson, Diana, Craft, Judy, Knight, Jessica, Wirihana, Lisa and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2016. Do student nurses experience Imposter Phenomenon? An international comparison of Final Year Undergraduate Nursing Students readiness for registration. Journal of Advanced Nursing.. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13034
Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both.
Simonovic, B., Stupple, Edward J. N., Gale, Maggie and Sheffield, David 2016. Stress and risky decision making: Cognitive reflection, emotional learning or both. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1980
Academics’ understandings of the authorial academic writer: a qualitative analysis of authorial identity
Cheung, Kevin Yet Fong, Elander, James, Stupple, Edward J. N. and Flay, Mike 2016. Academics’ understandings of the authorial academic writer: a qualitative analysis of authorial identity. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1264382
Do graduate entry nursing student’s experience ‘Imposter Phenomenon’?: An issue for debate
Aubeeluck, Aimee, Stacey, Gemma and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2016. Do graduate entry nursing student’s experience ‘Imposter Phenomenon’?: An issue for debate. Nurse Education in Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.06.003
Development of the critical thinking toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking
Stupple, Edward J. N., Maratos, Frances A., Elander, James, Hunt, Thomas E., Cheung, Kevin Yet Fong and Aubeeluck, Aimee 2016. Development of the critical thinking toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 23, pp. 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2016.11.007
Normative benchmarks are useful for studying individual differences in reasoning
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Ball, Linden J. 2011. Normative benchmarks are useful for studying individual differences in reasoning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11000562
Negations in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a heuristic–analytic conflict
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Waterhouse, Eleanor F. 2009. Negations in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a heuristic–analytic conflict. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902785674
The chronometrics of confirmation bias: Evidence for the inhibition of intuitive judgements
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Ball, Linden J. 2011. The chronometrics of confirmation bias: Evidence for the inhibition of intuitive judgements. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X10002876
Matching bias in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a dual-process account from response times and confidence ratings
Stupple, Edward J. N., Ball, Linden J. and Ellis, Daniel 2013. Matching bias in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a dual-process account from response times and confidence ratings. Thinking & Reasoning. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2012.735622
Belief–logic conflict resolution in syllogistic reasoning: Inspection-time evidence for a parallel-process model
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Ball, Linden J. 2008. Belief–logic conflict resolution in syllogistic reasoning: Inspection-time evidence for a parallel-process model. Thinking & Reasoning. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546780701739782
Development and validation of the student attitudes and beliefs about authorship scale: a psychometrically robust measure of authorial identity
Cheung, Kevin Yet Fong, Stupple, Edward J. N. and Elander, James 2015. Development and validation of the student attitudes and beliefs about authorship scale: a psychometrically robust measure of authorial identity. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1034673
The vulnerability of rules in complex work environments: dynamism and uncertainty pose problems for cognition
Clewley, Richard and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2015. The vulnerability of rules in complex work environments: dynamism and uncertainty pose problems for cognition. Ergonomics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.997804
The intersection between Descriptivism and Meliorism in reasoning research: further proposals in support of ‘soft normativism’
Edward J. N. Stupple, Linden J. Ball and Stupple, E. 2014. The intersection between Descriptivism and Meliorism in reasoning research: further proposals in support of ‘soft normativism’. Frontiers in Psychology . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01269
The neural correlates of belief-bias inhibition: The impact of logic training
Luo, Junlong, Tang, Xiaochen, Zhang, Entao and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2014. The neural correlates of belief-bias inhibition: The impact of logic training. Biological Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.09.010
In search of critical thinking in psychology: an exploration of student and lecturer understandings in higher education
Duro, Elaine, Elander, James, Maratos, Frances A., Stupple, Edward J. N. and Aubeeluck, Aimee 2013. In search of critical thinking in psychology: an exploration of student and lecturer understandings in higher education. Psychology Learning & Teaching. 12 (3). https://doi.org/10.2304/plat.2013.12.3.275
Further evidence of reliability and validity of the Huntington’s disease quality of life battery for carers: Italian and French translations
Aubeeluck, Aimee, Dorey, Julie, Squitieri, Ferdinando, Clay, Emilie, Stupple, Edward J. N., De Nicola, Annunziata, Buchanan, Heather, Martino, Tiziana and Toumi, Mondher 2012. Further evidence of reliability and validity of the Huntington’s disease quality of life battery for carers: Italian and French translations. Quality of Life Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0227-2
‘All the burden on all the carers’: exploring quality of life with family caregivers of Huntington’s disease patients
Aubeeluck, Aimee, Buchanan, Heather and Stupple, Edward J. N. 2011. ‘All the burden on all the carers’: exploring quality of life with family caregivers of Huntington’s disease patients. Quality of Life Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-0062-x
When logic and belief collide: Individual differences in reasoning times support a selective processing model
Stupple, Edward J. N., Ball, Linden J., Evans, Jonathan St. B. T. and Kamal-Smith, Emily 2011. When logic and belief collide: Individual differences in reasoning times support a selective processing model. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2011.589381
Inspection-time analysis of syllogistic reasoning processes
Stupple, Edward J. N. 2007. Inspection-time analysis of syllogistic reasoning processes. PhD Thesis