Negations in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a heuristic–analytic conflict
Journal article
Stupple, Edward J. N. and Waterhouse, Eleanor F. 2009. Negations in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a heuristic–analytic conflict. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902785674
| Authors | Stupple, Edward J. N. and Waterhouse, Eleanor F. |
|---|---|
| Abstract | An experiment utilizing response time measures was conducted to test dominant processing strategies in syllogistic reasoning with the expanded quantifier set proposed by Roberts (2005). Through adding negations to existing quantifiers it is possible to change problem surface features without altering logical validity. Biases based on surface features such as atmosphere, matching, and the probability heuristics model (PHM; Chater & Oaksford, 1999; Wetherick & Gilhooly, 1995) would not be expected to show variance in response latencies, but participant responses should be highly sensitive to changes in the surface features of the quantifiers. In contrast, according to analytic accounts such as mental models theory and mental logic (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991; Rips, 1994) participants should exhibit increased response times for negated premises, but not be overly impacted upon by the surface features of the conclusion. Data indicated that the dominant response strategy was based on a matching heuristic, but also provided evidence of a resource-demanding analytic procedure for dealing with double negatives. The authors propose that dual-process theories offer a stronger account of these data whereby participants employ competing heuristic and analytic strategies and fall back on a heuristic response when analytic processing fails. |
| Keywords | Reasoning; Dual process theory; Cognition; Matching bias; Deduction |
| Year | 2009 |
| Journal | The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |
| ISSN | 1747-0218 |
| 1747-0226 | |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210902785674 |
| Web address (URL) | http://hdl.handle.net/10545/575927 |
| hdl:10545/575927 | |
| Publication dates | Aug 2009 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Deposited | 25 Aug 2015, 10:50 |
| Rights | Archived with thanks to The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |
| Contributors | University of Derby |
| File | File Access Level Open |
| File | File Access Level Open |
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