Characteristics of the outdoor environment affording physical activity, motor competence, and social interactions in children aged 3–7 years: a systematic review
Journal article
Taylor, N., Roscoe, C. and Pringle, A. 2024. Characteristics of the outdoor environment affording physical activity, motor competence, and social interactions in children aged 3–7 years: a systematic review. Children. 11 (12), pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121491
| Authors | Taylor, N., Roscoe, C. and Pringle, A. |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Early childhood education (ECE) settings play a crucial role in promoting physical and social development among children aged 3–7 years. This systematic review sought to examine the associations between characteristics of ECE outdoor environments, social interactions, physical activity, and motor competence. The secondary aim examines previously applied methods to capture children’s behaviour in the context of their social and physical environment. Methods: This review used the PRISMA framework and study quality was assessed using the mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT). Keyword searches were conducted in seven databases. Studies were eligible if children were aged 3–7 years in ECE; physical activity, social interactions and/or motor competence were measured; location and/or social context were measured. Results were synthesised using an effect direct plot, a table of associations, and narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty-three studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria. Intervention and controlled cross-sectional studies (n = 9) favoured high-quality outdoor environments rich in affordances, portable play equipment, and natural features to increase children’s physical activity, social interactions, and cooperative play. Cross-sectional and descriptive studies (n = 14) positively associated open grassy space, portable and fixed equipment, wheeled toys, and paths with physical activity (p < 0.05). Based on limited evidence, playground size and active games in small groups were associated with greater MC. Conclusions: The findings highlight the benefit of creating diverse affordance rich outdoor environments in early childhood settings to promote physical and social development. Limitations include variability in study designs and protocols for conducting systematic observations, thus emphasising the need for standardised approaches to future research. |
| Keywords | physical activity; play; outdoors; intervention; children; early childhood education; motor competence |
| Year | 2024 |
| Journal | Children |
| Journal citation | 11 (12), pp. 1-29 |
| Publisher | MPDI |
| ISSN | 2227-9067 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121491 |
| Web address (URL) | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/12/1491 |
| Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
| Output status | Published |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 06 Dec 2024 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Accepted | 03 Dec 2024 |
| Deposited | 27 Feb 2025 |
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Pringle, Andy, Hargreaves, Jackie, Lozano, Lorena, McKenna, Jim and Zwolinsky, Stephen 2014. Assessing the impact of football-based health improvement programmes: stay onside, avoid own goals and score with the evaluation! Soccer and Society. 15 (6), pp. 970-987. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2014.920620Assessing the impact of football-based health improvement programmes: stay onside, avoid own goals and score with the evaluation!
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Pringle, Andy, Kime, Nicky, Lozano, Lorena and Zwolinsky, Stephen 2020. Evaluating Interventions. in: Routledge.How prepared are healthcare professionals for delivering physical activity guidance to those with diabetes? A formative evaluation
Kime, Nicky, Pringle, Andy, Zwolinsky, Stephen and Vishnubala, Dane 2020. How prepared are healthcare professionals for delivering physical activity guidance to those with diabetes? A formative evaluation. BMC Health Service Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4852-0Run, jump, throw and catch: How proficient are children attending English schools at the fundamental motor skills identified as key within the school curriculum?
Duncan, Michael J, Roscoe, Clare M. P., Noon, Mark, Clark, Cain CT, O’Brien, Wesley and Eyre, Emma LJ 2019. Run, jump, throw and catch: How proficient are children attending English schools at the fundamental motor skills identified as key within the school curriculum? European Physical Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x19888953Cross validation of actigraph derived accelerometer cut‐points for assessment of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children aged 8‐11 years
Duncan, Michael J., Eyre, Emma L.J., Cox, Val, Roscoe, C., Faghy, Mark, Tallis, Jason and Dobell, Alexandra 2020. Cross validation of actigraph derived accelerometer cut‐points for assessment of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children aged 8‐11 years. Acta Paediatrica. 109 (9), pp. 1825-1830. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15189Fundamental movement skills and accelerometer-measured physical activity levels during early childhood: a systematic review
Dobell, Alexandra, Pringle, Andy, Faghy, Mark and Roscoe, Clare M. P. 2020. Fundamental movement skills and accelerometer-measured physical activity levels during early childhood: a systematic review. MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7110224Calibration and cross-validation of accelerometery for estimating movement skills in children aged 8–12 years
Duncan, M., Dobell, A., Noon, M., Clark, C.T., Roscoe, C., Stodden, D., Sacko, R., Eyre, E. and Faghy, M. 2020. Calibration and cross-validation of accelerometery for estimating movement skills in children aged 8–12 years. Sensors. 20 (10), p. 2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102776Accelerometer-based physical activity levels, fundamental movement skills and weight status in British preschool children from a deprived area
Roscoe, Clare M. P., James, Rob S. and Duncan, Michael J. 2019. Accelerometer-based physical activity levels, fundamental movement skills and weight status in British preschool children from a deprived area. European Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03390-zAccelerometer-based physical activity levels differ between week and weekend ways in British preschool children
Roscoe, C., James, Rob S. and Duncan, Michael J. 2019. Accelerometer-based physical activity levels differ between week and weekend ways in British preschool children. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 4 (3), p. 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030065Estimating physical activity in children aged 8–11 Years using Accelerometry: Contributions from fundamental movement skills and different Accelerometer placements
Duncan, Mike, Roscoe, Clare M. P., Faghy, Mark, Tallis, Jason and Eyre, Emma 2019. Estimating physical activity in children aged 8–11 Years using Accelerometry: Contributions from fundamental movement skills and different Accelerometer placements. Frontiers in Physiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00242Calibration of GENEActiv accelerometer wrist cut-points for the assessment of physical activity intensity of preschool aged children
Roscoe, Clare M. P., James, Rob S. and Duncan, Michael J. 2017. Calibration of GENEActiv accelerometer wrist cut-points for the assessment of physical activity intensity of preschool aged children. European Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-2948-2Preschool staff and parents? Perceptions of preschool children's physical activity and fundamental movement skills from an area of high deprivation: a qualitative study
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