Applications of the comet assay in particle toxicology: Air pollution and engineered nanomaterials exposure

Journal article

Møller, P., Hemmingsen, J.G., Jensen, D.M., Danielsen, P.H., Karottki, D.G., Jantzen, K., Roursgaard, M., Cao, Y., Kermanizadeh, A., Klingberg, H., Christophersen, D.V., Hersoug, L.-G. and Loft, S. 2014. Applications of the comet assay in particle toxicology: Air pollution and engineered nanomaterials exposure. Mutagenesis. Vol 30 (Issue 1), p. 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geu035
AuthorsMøller, P., Hemmingsen, J.G., Jensen, D.M., Danielsen, P.H., Karottki, D.G., Jantzen, K., Roursgaard, M., Cao, Y., Kermanizadeh, A., Klingberg, H., Christophersen, D.V., Hersoug, L.-G. and Loft, S.
Abstract

Exposure to ambient air particles is associated with elevated levels of DNA strand breaks (SBs) and endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites in cell cultures, animals and humans. In both animals and cell cultures, increases in SB and in oxidatively damaged DNA are seen after exposure to a range of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerene C60, ZnO, silver and gold. Exposure to TiO2 has generated mixed data with regard to SB and oxidatively damaged DNA in cell cultures. Nanosilica does not seem to be associated with generation of FPG-sensitive sites in cell cultures, while large differences in SB generation between studies have been noted. Single-dose airway exposure to nanosized carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in animal models seems to be associated with elevated DNA damage levels in lung tissue in comparison to similar exposure toTiO2 and fullerene C60. Oral exposure has been associated with augmented DNA damage levels in cells of internal organs, although the doses have been typically very high. Intraveneous and intraperitoneal injection of ENMs have shown contradictory results dependent on the type of ENM and dose in each set of experiments. In conclusion, the exposure to both combustion-derived particles and ENMs is associated with increased levels of DNA damage in the comet assay. Particle size, composition and crystal structure of ENM are considered important determinants of toxicity, whereas their combined contributions to genotoxicity in the comet assay are yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Keywords cell culture techniques; air pollution; carbon; comet assay; heat of combustion; dna; dna damage; animal model; sick building syndrome; toxicology; zinc oxide; lung parenchyma; airway device; sebastian syndrome; nanostructures; carbon nanotubes; brooke-spiegler syndrome
Year2014
JournalMutagenesis
Journal citationVol 30 (Issue 1), p. 67–83
PublisherOxford Academic
ISSN1464-3804
0267-8357
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geu035
Web address (URL)http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84922460699&partnerID=MN8TOARS
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online19 Nov 2014
Jan 2015
Publication process dates
Deposited12 Jun 2023
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